Pam Bennett, Barb Bloetscher, Joe Boggs, Jim Chatfield, Erik Draper, Dave Dyke, Gary Gao, Dave Goerig, Tim Malinich, Jane Martin, Pam Sherratt, Amy Stone, and Curtis Young.
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April 08, 2004
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This is the First 2004 edition of the Buckeye Yard and Garden Line (BYGL).
BYGL is developed from a Tuesday morning conference call of Extension
agents, specialists and other contributors in Ohio.
BYGL is also made available on the Internet from the Ohio State University
Horticulture and Crop Science (HCS) in Virtual Perspective website
(http://bygl.osu.edu). Additional fact sheet information on any of
these articles may be found through the OSU fact sheet database (http://plantfacts.osu.edu).
BYGL is a service of OSU Extension and is aided by major support
from the Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association (ONLA), with additional
funding from the Ohio Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture
(ISA) to the OSU Extension Nursery Landscape, and Turf Team (ENLTT).
Participants in the April 06, 2004 conference included: Pam Bennett (Clark); Joe Boggs (Hamilton/South District); Jim Chatfield (North District/ Horticulture and Crop Science Department); Erik Draper (Geauga); Gary Gao (Clermont); Dave Goerig (Mahoning); Tim Malinich (Cuyahoga); Jane Martin (Franklin); Joe Rimelspach (HCS); Pam Sherratt (HCS); Amy Stone (Lucas); Nancy Taylor (Plant Pathology and C. Wayne Ellett Plant & Pest Diagnostic Clinic); and Curtis Young (Allen County).
Additional factsheet information on any of these articles may be found
through the OSU Factsheet Database (http://plantfacts.ohio-state.edu/)
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WEATHER WATCH
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Weather conditions in Ohio are comparable to the contrast between night and day. Erik Draper and Tim Malinich both reported the "S" (snow) word in the northeast. Gary Gao seemed to think that the southern portion of Ohio was much further along in the development than the north. His "S" word was sun!
Overall, BYGLers reported wet weather in recent weeks. Amy Stone noted that although Lucas County has had its share of rain the last few weeks, the year to date total is 4.14", nearly 3" below normal. Pam Bennett reported that Clark County is +2.3" for the year, while Jim Chatfield mentioned that the Akron area is about average.
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HORT SHORTS
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GROWING DEGREE DAYS
The range of Growing Degree Day (GDD) accumulations in Ohio from north to south is 53 to 151. The following is the report of GDD for several locations around Ohio as of April 7, 2004.
As of Wednesday afternoon, GDD accumulations were: Painesville, 53; Cleveland, 58; Toledo, 68; Youngstown, 71; Lima, 76; Wooster, 77; Coshocton, 81; Columbus, 90; Springfield, 97; Dayton, 113; Cincinnati, 143; Ironton, 152; and Portsmouth, 151.
GDD is a measure of the daily maximum and minimum temperature and directly relates to growth and development of plants and insects. The GDD of any zip code location in Ohio is estimated using the GDD of ten OARDC weather stations and available on the web at: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/gdd/
To put these GDD accumulations into perspective, the following is an abbreviated listing of plant and insect species with their respective phenological event and average GDD accumulations at which these events occur. Due to variations in weather, temperature, humidity, etc., these events may occur a few days earlier or later than predicted by the average GDD. By looking at a city, town, or village near you from the above list, or visiting the above web site, you can see what could be taking place in the landscape around you.
The following is a list of plants and their phenological events that occur at or around the following average GDDs, and insects and their phenological activities that have average GDD's close to the listed plants: silver maple, first bloom, 34; corneliancherry dogwood, first bloom, 40; silver maple, full bloom, 42; northern lights forsythia, first bloom, 58; star magnolia, first bloom, 83; border forsythia, first bloom, 86; eastern tent caterpillar, egg hatch, 92; Manchu cherry, first bloom, 93; northern lights forsythia, full bloom, 94; Norway maple, first bloom, 116; chanticleer callery pear, first bloom, 123; sargent cherry, first bloom, 127; larch casebearer, egg hatch, 128; saucer magnolia, first bloom, 133; Bradford callery pear, first bloom, 142; European pine sawfly, egg hatch, 144; weeping Higan cherry, first bloom, 145; PMJ rhododendron, first bloom, 147; chanticleer callery pear, full bloom, 149; Norway maple, full bloom, 149; inkberry leafminer, adult emergence, 150; sargent cherry, full bloom, 151; star magnolia, full bloom, 151; and Allegheny serviceberry, first bloom, 153.
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PLANT PHENOLOGY
Just like BYGL'ers, you can't hold Mother Nature down! Spring is showing up across the state, despite the latest round of cold temperatures. Gary Gao noted that saucer (Magnolia stellata) and star magnolia (M. soulangiana), callery pears (Pyrus calleryana), purple sand cherry and purple plum (Prunus cistena and serisfera respectively) and Corneliancherry dogwood (Cornus mas) were in full bloom in southern Ohio. Pam Bennett noted that the following were in full bloom in central Ohio: Forsythia (Forsythia intermedia); Japanese spurge (Pachysandra terminalis); vinca (Vinca minor); star magnolia; and Corneliancherry dogwood. Saucer magnolia was just beginning to open.
Curtis Young added that pussywillow (Salix caprea) and Corneliancherry dogwood were in full bloom and forsythias, and star and saucer magnolia were just starting to bloom. Male pollen cones of Taxus were also open. Amy Stone noted that the forsythia were just beginning to bloom in her area and on the other side of the state, Erik Draper noted that red and silver magnolias were in bloom. Up in the far northeastern portion of the state, Dave Goerig noted that all of the above mentioned plants were still in tight bud. Hang in there Dave, spring will get there soon!
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TIPS ON CONTROLLING GARLIC MUSTARD
Many gardeners are plagued by garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), an invasive weed that is becoming more prominent in home landscapes and gardens. This invader was brought from Europe in the mid 1800's for medicinal or nutritive purposes and was first found in Ohio in 1899. It is unknown why it has exploded in recent years in woodlands and parks. Work done in 2002 by OSU graduate student, Mark Frey, reveals several things about this weed that make it especially difficult to control.
Garlic mustard is tremendously prolific, producing thousands of seeds in a stand, with high seed viability and survivability - 5 years or more in the soil. This plant also reportedly produces allelopathic chemicals that can change soil microflora to its advantage over other species. It is not eaten by browsing deer, and when gardeners try to pull it they rarely do so early enough in the season. And how about this - even if the plant is pulled at flowering before seed set, garlic mustard can still produce viable seed on the pulled refuse! The moral of this story is that if you pull garlic mustard while in flower, collect the refuse and dispose of it in yard waste.
Garlic mustard is a biennial plant and germinates from seed in late winter or very early spring. In the first year, it develops a rosette of scallop-shaped leaves, often mistaken for ground ivy or other unknown weed. This rosette of foliage does not go completely dormant at season's end; in fact, it stays green through much of fall and winter. This presents the best opportunity for control. A non-selective herbicide, such as glyphosate (e.g. Roundup), can be applied to the foliage fall into late winter and not be injurious to other plants nearby, since they are dormant. Controlling garlic mustard in the second year when it flowers is not nearly as good an option.
 
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NIP THOSE FRUITS EARLY
Extension offices receive inquiries every spring about eliminating nuisance sweetgum fruits (the round, spiny seed balls) from trees for the coming season. There was heavy fruit set in 2003 and people are dealing with cleaning up hundreds of fallen fruits this spring.
A product that works well to eliminate this fruit is Florel, a growth regulating substance, manufactured by Monterey Lawn and Garden Products in California. Florel is available for purchase from their web site at http://www.montereylawngarden.com/
Florel works well in eliminating fruit set on sweetgum and crabapple, as long as conditions are correct for treatment and the plant is at the correct stage, but it doesn't seem to work very well on black walnut. Florel can be purchased by home gardeners for use, or they can contact a certified arborist to treat trees for them.
Sweetgum trees typically flower in late April or early May, as the leaves on the tree are emerging and expanding. The female flowers are on a slender stalk with a half inch diameter round head; the male flowers are in terminal three or four inch long panicles; neither flower is showy. Treatment must applied at the mid to full-bloom stage. Good spray coverage is essential for fruit elimination. If applied too early or too late, it will not be effective. Air temperature at the time of application should be over 65 degrees for the best results. Do not apply Florel to stressed trees.
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PLANTING RIGHT IS THE WAY TO START LIFE
After examining many plants in the throes of death, we are beginning to understand the single most important aspect of plant longevity appears to be the simple act of planting. Although appearing as easy as digging a hole, dumping in a plant, and covering it back up, proper planting can be the root of the problem or the foundation of health. Research conducted at the Morton Arboretum demonstrates many long-term tree aliments, like stem girdling roots, are due to trees being planted too deep.
What can be done to ensure plant survivability and longevity? First, make sure that the environmental conditions support the growing requirements, or in other words, put the right plant in the right place! Next, find the trunk flare, also called the root flare, and measure the distance from where the roots begin to flare out from the trunk to the bottom of the root ball or container. This should be the depth of the planting hole. Dig the hole exactly that deep and no deeper.
Once the depth of the planting hole is established, work can begin on the width of the hole. The hole should be 2-3 times the width of the root ball and should taper down toward the bottom. This type of shallow-dish approach makes sense horticulturally because a high percentage of new roots develop in the upper 6-8" of soil. Therefore, breaking up this area around the root ball can only facilitate new roots interfacing with this area. Mix organic matter (about 1/3 of the hole's volume) in with the native soil and use as backfill.
Use water to settle the soil around the plant, not your foot or a shovel handle, because these will break roots... a definite no-no! Be sure to remove the burlap wrapped around the tree base and the first layer of handles/ears on the wire planting basket. Continue to provide a little extra care and attention with water and nutrients for newly planted trees and shrubs during the planting year, also known as the establishment year.
Mulch is beneficial for protecting the newly planted tree trunk, retaining soil moisture, reducing competition from grass, and preventing weed germination. However, mulch can also eventually kill trees when it is overdone by stacking it up against the trunk or piling it deep around the roots. Remember those evil stem girdling roots? Guess where many begin to form when mulch is piled deep? Right - in the mulch at the base of the tree.
What is "mulched to deep?" This depends on the soil type. On heavy or dense soils, like clays and silty clays, 1-2" is plenty to ensure that roots still grow into the soil and not just in the mulch. It is ok if the mulch drys out as this prunes off those roots that tend to grow too shallow. On very sandy soils, 3-4" is about right because of the extreme drainage.
Remember, if planted correctly, plants can grow and become incredible wonders in a landscape; however, if planted incorrectly they can be an eyesore until they finally give it up and become firewood or compost. It all starts with the right plant in the right place and digging the right hole!
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NEW ORGANIC LAWN CARE FACTSHEET AVAILABLE
Check out this new Ohio State University Home Yard and Garden FactSheet, "Organic Lawn Care." Highlights of this new release include: Going Organic; Switching From Conventional to Natural Organic Lawn Care; Recommended Grasses; What Are Endophytes; Seeding a New Lawn; Maintenance; Managing Pests and Diseases; The "Big Four" Lawn Insects in Ohio; Natural Organic Lawn Care Calendar for Ohio; Where to Obtain Organic Lawn Care Products; and Additional Resources.
Kudos to Jane C. Martin, Franklin County Horticulture Agent; Alyn Eickholt, Franklin County Master Gardener, and Joanne Dole, Franklin County Master Gardener for their work on this FactSheet!
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ORNAMENTAL CIRCULAR
If you did not already get a copy of the Special Circular 193, Ornamental Plants Annual Reports and Research Reviews 2003" at the OSU Nursery Short Course this past winter, you are missing out on 198 pages of great horticultural information. Circular highlights include: emerald ash borer; trials on apple scab of crabapple; trials of herbaceous ornamentals in Franklin, Clark and Hamilton Counties; details on how to prevent herbicide resistance; useful horticultural references; and the "power of the triangle." This free resource will help you grow as a horticulturist. Check it out on the web at ohioline.osu.edu or ask for a copy from Communications and Technology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691-4096.
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BUG BYTES
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EASTERN TENT RAISING
Joe Boggs reported that overwintered eggs of eastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americanum) were observed hatching in southwest Ohio on March 26 by John Butcher (Madison Tree Service, Cincinnati). Numerous small nests containing first instar larvae were observed by participants of the BYGLive! Diagnostic Walk-About in Cincinnati this past Monday (4/5/2004). The caterpillars are dark with a white stripe down their backs and are covered with short, grayish-white hairs.
Eastern tent caterpillars prefer to feed on trees in the family Rosaceae, particularly those in the genus Prunus, such as cherries. They occasionally feed on ash, birch, maple, and oaks. As their name implies, these caterpillars eventually produce very obvious silk nests at limb and branch forks. They live inside the nests, but carouse about the branches of their host tree feeding on expanding foliage. High populations can produce rapid defoliation. Since loss of leaves typically occurs early in the season, trees must set out new leaves at considerable energy expense.
In 2001 this caterpillar captured national attention by being linked to Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS). Th malady caused widespread loss of thoroughbred foals in Kentucky and cost the industry more than $336 million. Originally, the link between MRLS and eastern tent caterpillars seemed tenuous. However, thanks to intense research and tenacious detective work conducted by Dr. Bruce Webb (University of Kentucky, Entomology), the link has been confirmed.
The nests currently are very small, and colonies can be easily eliminated digitally using "smash and/or smear" techniques. Less hands-on methods include an application of an insecticide, such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) products labeled for caterpillar control. Make applications to the plant foliage while the larvae are small. Numerous predators and parasites also attack this pest, but in some years these agents do not arrive in sufficient numbers to adequately control tent caterpillars.
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EMERALD ASH BORER NON-DISCLOSURE
Since being discovered in southeastern Michigan in 2002, and emerging on the scene in five counties in Ohio in 2003, the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) has deservedly drawn a considerable amount of attention...fear..and loathing. Efforts to corral this killer of ash trees continue to focus upon identification of infestations, delineation of infestation boundaries, and eradication. Identification can be challenging, given that there are numerous ash problems that mimic many symptoms produced by emerald ash borer (EAB), including the rapid decline and death of ash trees.
Drawing upon numerous OSU resources, including the ENLTT Emerald Ash Borer Team, the OSU College of Food, Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Section of Communications and Technology, has produced a very informative and helpful website dedicated to EAB, titled "Ash Alert." The web address is: http://ashalert.osu.edu/
Joe Boggs reported that he was recently asked to take a look at an ash suspected of being infested by EAB. The tree was dead, so there was no chance of finding the overwintering stage of the insect - the flattened, creamy-white larvae with their distinctly segmented bodies giving them the look of miniature tapeworms. Larval galleries appeared somewhat frass-filled, but they were not very serpentine. His pulse quickened when he was shown some suspicious looking "D"-shaped emergence holes. Viewed head-on, the adult beetles have a flat back, and a round belly causing them to produce the characteristic D-shaped holes as they emerge through the bark. As more well-rounded borers emerge, they produce round or oval holes. However, EAB look-alike holes are sometimes produced by less destructive borers when flaps of bark slightly obscure the true shape of the hole. By scraping away a few millimeters of bark, Joe noted (to his relief) that each "D-shaped" hole morphed into less menacing round to oval holes. It was a good day.
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NORTHERN PINE WEEVIL
Mahoning county horticulture agent Dave Goerig noted that members of the Northern Ohio Christmas Tree Growers Association reported sightings of over wintered adult northern pine weevils, Pissodes approximatus hopkins, this past week. This insect is known for the damage it causes to Eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, and various other members of the Pinus and Picea genera. The larvae of this weevil burrows into the central leader of the host tree causing it to die as it droops and curls into a typical Shepard's hook.
The new adult weevil emerge in mid- August. The adult weevils are reddish-brown with several patches of white on their wing covers. They over winter as adults in the duff under the trees. Female weevils climb to the leader of the tree in early to mid-April. During this time they feed through small holes they chew in the bark. Eventually, the female deposits her eggs into these tree wounds. The eggs hatch in a week and larvae begin to feed just under the bark.
All control strategies should be targeted to kill the adult or larvae before the tree leaders are damaged. Early spring treatments are effective. Mechanical controls include removing all damaged leaders from the plant. Burn or bury infested material. Chemical controls registered for nursery growers include treatments for both foliage and stumps. Homeowner treatments rely on foliar sprays. Consult OSU Extension Bulletin 504, "Insect and Mite Control on Woody Ornamentals and Herbaceous Perennials" for the most recent products registered for this pest.
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THE CICADAS ARE COMING! THE CICADAS ARE COMING!
Brood X (that's 10 and not X) of the PERIODICAL CICADA, Magicicada spp., is expected to emerge from subterranean growth and development sites to molt one last time to become adult cicadas. This emergence is expected to begin early to mid-May in the southern parts of Ohio (Cincinnati) and mid-May to early June in the northern parts of Ohio (Lima). The news of this impending emergence of the periodical cicada hit the syndicated press wires in early March and the fervor over their coming appearance has been building ever since.
Periodical cicadas are truly a fascinating biological phenomenon. Periodical cicadas emerge from the soil to become adults in specific locations once every 13 to 17 years, southern and northern US ranges respectively. This year, Brood X, a 17 year cicada, is expected to emerge in scattered sites throughout much of western Ohio. Some locations will have huge populations while others will have little or no populations. Distribution maps of where and when the different broods of the periodical cicada are to emerge can be found on OSU Extension Factsheet HYG-2137-99 "Periodical and Dog-day Cicadas," and on several web sites on the internet. Before the year of emergence, immature periodical cicadas (nymphs) develop underground where they feed by sucking sap from plant roots. When emergence occurs, most nymphs crawl out of the soil within a few nights.
Periodical cicadas cause a lot of excitement when they appear for several reasons. First, in some areas their will be thousands of these 1 1/2" long insects present sitting on everything and flying through the air. For people who dont like insects, these areas are going to be quite disturbing. Second, the song the adult males produce is very loud and multiplied by 1000's, the noise can be deafening. Often the males synchronize their singing and can be heard more than 1/2 mile away. Third, although the adults do not feed excessively, females can damage trees and shrubs by depositing eggs in slits they produce in twigs and stems. The splintering of the wood and bark of the small twigs and stems may result in die back. Forth, some pet owners are going to be disturbed by their dogs and cats when they discover them eating the emerging nymphs.
Early evidence of periodical cicada activity in the Cincinnati area was reported by Joe Boggs. Joe has seen and received calls about mud tubes appearing in turf. These tubes are built by nymphs 3 - 5" above the soil, apparently to escape water saturated soils. The tubes are similar to those constructed by crayfish but smaller in diameter.
In most cases, management of the periodical cicada is not necessary, but fruit trees and newly transplanted trees may need to be protected. Small trees and shrubs can be covered with a fine mesh nylon netting as a physical barrier to prevent egg laying. A few chemicals are available to home owners to limit damage, but they need to be applied repeatedly. Nurseries and orchards have a greater arsenal available to them than landscapers and home owners.
For more information on the periodical cicada, visit the following web site composed by Dr. Dave Shetlar, The BugDoc: http://bugs.osu.edu/~bugdoc/PerioCicada/
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DISEASE DIGEST
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SUDDEN OAK DEATH UPDATE
There are a number of recent developments regarding Phytophthora ramorum, the fungus that is the causal agent of Sudden Oak Death (SOD), a severe disease of oak and tanoak in certain Pacific Northwest fog forest areas. As indicated in a March 2004 article in the press by OSU s Enrico Bonello (Plant Pathology) and Nancy Taylor (CWEPPDC), Phytophthora ramorum was found in two large ornamental nurseries in Southern California. As they indicate:
"This find is disturbing for two reasons: 1) it demonstrates that the pathogen is not necessarily limited to the moist coastal regions of Northern California and Southern Oregon, where it has been found so far in natural settings, and 2) at least one of the two nurseries distribute nursery stock nationwide, including Ohio." To date, Phytophthora ramorum has not been found in Ohio from these distributions, though it has been positively identified in Florida and Georgia, with subsequent quarantine actions occurring there and in some other states. In California, at Monrovia Nursery in Los Angeles County, in the first half of March 2004 alone, over 200,000 plants valued at $4.3 million were destroyed. The Ohio Department of Agriculture is monitoring this situation carefully.
A number of surveys are planned nationwide and in Ohio for the presence of Phytophthora ramorum in nurseries and natural forest areas. This pathogen has a wide range of primary hosts plants, including rhododendron and camellia, as well as associated host plants which are potential "carriers" of the fungus. As Bonello and Taylor note, damage on these non-oak hosts involves "only minor leaf spotting and twig dieback. The importance of these plants lies in the fact that they can act as conduits and reservoirs for the pathogen. Movement of this stock through the nursery trade is therefore feared to act as a route through which the pathogen can spread to areas where susceptible tree hosts are."
Last year, Dr. Bonello conducted nursery surveys here in Ohio, and no Phytophthora ramorum was found. For 2004, more intensive surveys are planned for both natural areas and nursery sites. Dr. Bonello's lab at OSU, Nancy Taylor in the OSU Clinic, The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the Ohio Department of Agriculture, and the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service and APHIS programs will all be involved in surveys in 2004. Further background and information on developments on Phytophthora ramorum will be included in BYGL as the season progresses.
For more information on SOD, check out: http://extlab7.entnem.ufl,edu/PestAlert/
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TURF TIPS
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CRABGRASS CONTROL
Monitoring soil temperatures is one of the best ways to predict weed germination. Crabgrass germinates once soil temperatures have reached 50-55 degrees for several consecutive days. In southern Ohio, this occurs around March 15 - April 15, in central Ohio, this happens around April 1 - May 1 (last year at the research farm in Columbus it was April 20-25), and in Northern Ohio, this happens around April 15 - May 15. An important note to make is that crabgrass continues to germinate and emerge for several weeks after initial crabgrass emergence is observed.
Pre-emergence herbicides are used this time of year to prevent crabgrass seedlings from emerging. Products that have shown good to excellent efficacy in OSU trials are: Dimension; Barricade; Team; and Pendimethalin.
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POA IDENTIFICATION
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis) plants are easier to identify this time of year as they are generally apple-green in color, compared to the darker green lawn grasses. Telling them apart is a little harder. Annual bluegrass is a "clump" grass, and produces small, individual plants. Rough bluegrass is a perennial grass that produces stemmy masses of growth in large patches. Unfortunately, there is no selective control of these weed grasses.
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BROADLEAF WEED CONTROL
It is still too early to apply selective broadleaf weed control products. All the products are foliar absorbed and require active growth for the best efficacy, which is usually around mid-May.
Soil temperatures also influence the type of product used. If soil temperatures are below 55 degrees, the ESTER formulations are absorbed more readily, and are therefore better at control. However, once soil temperatures are above 55 degrees, the AMINES should be used because they do not affect the surrounding plants. In warmer temperatures, the Esters volatilize and may cause injury to adjacent plants.
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LET THE LAWN CARE SEASON BEGIN!
Joe Rimelspach reminded BYGLers that now is a great time to seed or sod your lawn since temperatures are moderate and there is abundant moisture. Homeowners in southern and central Ohio have started mowing their lawn this past weekend. Joe also said that now is the best time to balance and sharpen your mower blades if you have not done so. When mowing, be sure to observe proper mowing heights and frequencies. The recommended mowing heights for Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass in spring and fall are 2.0 - 2.5" while the height for tall fescue is 2.5 - 3.0". Too many homeowners cut their lawn way too short, also known as "scalping." Lawn scalping definitely stresses root and makes a lawn look bad. It is also a good idea to mow frequently so that you do not mow any more than 1/3 of the grass blades at each mowing.
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INDUSTRY INSIGHT
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SIZE OF OUR INDUSTRY
According to 2002 data from the National Gardening Association, 85 million U.S. households spent $39.6 billion at lawn and garden retail outlets in 2002, and 24.7 million households spent $28.9 billion on professional landscape, lawn and tree care services. In terms of production data, the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture reports that the nursery and greenhouse industry is the fastest growing segment of U.S. agriculture, and is the third most important segment of crop agriculture in the country (2nd in Ohio). Nursery production alone in the U.S. was estimated at $8.9 billion in 2002.
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COMING ATTRACTIONS
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PLANT DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHOPS: NOTICE #1
A week long frenzy of diagnostic sleuthing will take place in early June as OSUE's Plant Diagnostic Workshops (PDW) visit four areas of the state. June 1 is the PDW at Secrest Arboretum in Wooster in northeast Ohio. On June 2 it will be in Marietta in southern Ohio. Come June 3, it's at the Lodge at Riverbend in Hancock County in northwest Ohio. On June 7, the Ohio PDW will be in conjunction with BYGLive! at Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum in Cincinnati for southwest Ohio. Program and registration information will be forthcoming as these dates get closer. In our PDW efforts we shall be, in the words of biologist Jim Halfpenny, "...Detectives in the court of natural history, with the judge Mother Nature."
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WOSU's GREEN SCENE
Join host Tom Wiebell on WOSU News Radio 820 this Friday night from 6:30 to 8:00 p.m. as Joe Boggs and Jim Chatfield kick off WOSU's Green Scene gardening and landscaping Q&A show for 2004. Hear all about the emerald ash borer in Ohio, sudden oak death out in California, and plant selection ideas for Ohio landscapes, as well as the ever humorous attempts of Joe and Jim to actually answer your questions.
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BYGLOSOPHY
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On planting seeds this spring from the Old Wive's Lore for Gardeners by Maureen and Bridget Boland - "One for the rook, one for the crow, One to die, and one to grow."
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