Pam Bennett, Barb Bloetscher, Joe Boggs, Jim Chatfield, Erik Draper, Dave Dyke, Gary Gao, Dave Goerig, Dan Herms, Tim Malinich, Jane Martin, Pam Sherratt, Amy Stone, and Curtis Young.
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April 22, 2004
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This is the Third 2004 edition of the Buckeye Yard and Garden Line (BYGL).
BYGL is developed from a Tuesday morning conference call of Extension
agents, specialists and other contributors in Ohio.
BYGL is also made available on the Internet from the Ohio State University
Horticulture and Crop Science (HCS) in Virtual Perspective website
(http://bygl.osu.edu). Additional fact sheet information on any of
these articles may be found through the OSU fact sheet database (http://plantfacts.osu.edu).
BYGL is a service of OSU Extension and is aided by major support
from the Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association (ONLA), with additional
funding from the Ohio Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture
(ISA) to the OSU Extension Nursery Landscape, and Turf Team (ENLTT).
Participants in the April 20, 2004 conference included: Charles Behnke (Lorain); Pam Bennett (Clark); Barb Bloetscher (C. Wayne Ellett Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic); Joe Boggs (Hamilton/South District); Jim Chatfield (North District/ Horticulture and Crop Science Department); Erik Draper (Geauga); Dave Dyke (Hamilton); Gary Gao (Clermont); Dave Goerig (Mahoning); Dan Herms (Entomology); Tim Malinich (Cuyahoga); Jane Martin (Franklin); Joe Rimelspach (HCS); Dave Shetlar (Entomology); Amy Stone (Lucas); Nancy Taylor (Plant Pathology and C. Wayne Ellett Plant & Pest Diagnostic Clinic); Curtis Young (Allen County); and Randy Zondag (Lake)..
Additional factsheet information on any of these articles may be found
through the OSU Factsheet Database (http://plantfacts.ohio-state.edu/)
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WEATHER WATCH
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Weather highlights from the south included Joe Boggs in Cincinnati reporting 1.93" of precipitation thus far in April. This, compared to April's average of 2.47" indicates a deficit of 0.54". Their year to date total is 10.70", compared to the average of 12.04". Pam Bennett in Clark County reported 1.76" of precipitation, down just 0.69" thus far in April. Their year to date total is 12.92", +1.62" for the year. Jane Martin reported Columbus has received 1.99" of precipitation for the month, up 0.1" from the area's average. Central Ohio has received 12.36" for the year, compared to the year-to-date average of 9.59".
Moving north, Amy Stone reported Toledo remains on the dry side. This area of the state is 4.55" below its average year-to-date total, with little rain falling in the month of April thus far. Erik Draper reported receiving 1/2" of snow last Tuesday evening, but it was gone the next day (thank goodness!). Four sunny days followed with highs in the upper 70's. Geauga County has received 77% of the average precipitation for the month thus far. Their year-to-date total is 10.89", just above average. In the Akron-Canton area, Jim Chatfield reports 2.36 inches of rain in April to date, and 9.97" for the year. The yearly total is 0.24 inches below average. And finally, Randy Zondag reported receiving between 7.8" and 8.9" for the year depending upon where you are in Lake County. He also mentioned that soils are beginning to dry out with last week's rainfall between 0.8" and 1.0".
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HORT SHORTS
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GROWING DEGREE DAYS
The range of Growing Degree Day (GDD) accumulations in Ohio from north to south is 111 to 261. The following is the report of GDD for several locations around Ohio as of April 21, 2004.
As of Wednesday afternoon, GDD accumulations were: Painesville, 111; Cleveland, 122; Toledo, 162; Youngstown, 145; Lima, 172; Wooster, 157; Coshocton, 174; Columbus, 192; Springfield, 203; Dayton, 224; Cincinnati, 261; Ironton, 228; and Portsmouth, 222.
GDD is a measure of the daily maximum and minimum temperature and directly relates to growth and development of plants and insects. The GDD of any zip code location in Ohio is estimated using the GDD of ten OARDC weather stations and available on the web at: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/gdd/
To put these GDD accumulations into perspective, the following is an abbreviated listing of plant and insect species with their respective phenological event and average GDD accumulations at which these events occur. Due to variations in weather, temperature, humidity, etc., these events may occur a few days earlier or later than predicted by the average GDD. By looking at a city, town, or village near you from the above list, or visiting the above web site, you can see what could be taking place in the landscape around you.
The following is a list of plants and their phenological events that occur at or around the following average GDD's, and insects and their phenological activities that have average GDD's close to the listed plants: Norway maple, first bloom, 116; 'Chanticleer' Callery pear, first bloom, 123; Sargent cherry, first bloom, 127; larch casebearer, egg hatch, 128; saucer magnolia, first bloom, 133; 'Bradford' Callery pear, first bloom, 142; European pine sawfly, egg hatch, 144; weeping Higan cherry, first bloom, 145; PJM rhododendron, first bloom, 147; 'Chanticleer' Callery pear, full bloom, 149; Norway maple, full bloom, 149; inkberry leafminer, adult emergence, 150; Sargent cherry, full bloom, 151; star magnolia, full bloom, 151; Allegheny serviceberry, first bloom, 153; Manchu cherry, full bloom, 155; 'Spring Snow' crabapple, first bloom, 155; apple serviceberry, first bloom, 159; spruce spider mite, egg hatch, 162; 'Bradford' Callery pear, full bloom, 164; Allegheny serviceberry, full bloom, 169; saucer magnolia, full bloom, 174; PJM rhododendron, full bloom, 178; boxwood psyllid, egg hatch, 179; weeping Higan cherry, full bloom, 179; Koreanspice viburnum, first bloom, 185; 'Regent' serviceberry, first bloom, 186; Japanese flowering crabapple, first bloom, 189; eastern redbud, first bloom, 191; gypsy moth, egg hatch, 192; Koreanspice viburnum, full bloom, 205; azalea lace bug, egg hatch, 206; 'Spring Snow' crabapple, full bloom, 209; common flowering quince, full bloom, 214; birch leafminer, adult emergence, 215; 'Coralburst' crabapple, first bloom, 217; elm leafminer, adult emergence, 219; common chokecherry, full bloom, 221; alder leafminer, adult emergence, 224; honeylocust plant bug, egg hatch, 230; common lilac, first bloom, 234; Ohio buckeye, first bloom, 245; common horse chestnut, first bloom, 251; hawthorn lace bug, adult emergence, 253; hawthorn leafminer, adult emergence, 260; and flowering dogwood, first bloom, 263.
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PLANT PHENOLOGY
BYGLers commented how spring just seemed to explode into color all at once this weekend with the warm weather. In the southern portion of the state redbuds (Cercis canadensis), flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida), and flowering quinces (Chaenomeles speciosa) are in full bloom. Crabapples (Malus spp.) are nearing petal fall and callery pears (Pyrus calleryana) are finished blooming.
Spotted in full bloom in central Ohio are the following: Callery pears; serviceberries (Amelanchier laevis and A. canadensis); redbuds; flowering dogwood; Koreanspice viburnum (Viburnum carlesi); Norway maple (Acer platanoides); dwarf fothergilla (Fothergilla gardenii); ashes (Fraxinus spp.); and early crabapple varieties. Dan Herms noted that similar plants were in bloom in Wooster.
In northern Ohio, in full bloom are the following: star magnolia (Magnolia stellata); forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia); and flowering cherries and plums (Prunus spp.). Way up in the Lake County area fortythias are in full bloom.
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WHEN DO YOU PRUNE HYDRANGEAS?
This question can make even the most experienced horticulturist stop and think. There are so many hydrangeas on the market now that it is sometimes confusing as to when they should be pruned. Whenever in doubt, determine the bloom time and if the plant blooms on new wood or 2nd year wood. Following is a primer on pruning some of the common hydrangeas grown in Ohio.
* Climbing hydrangeas (Hydrangea petiolaris) - These bloom on the previous year's lateral shoots. No pruning is actually needed, however if some shoots go astray or if training is necessary, prune after blooming.
* Smooth hydrangeas (H. arborescensi) and panicle hydrangea (H. paniculata) - These bloom on new growth so they should be pruned in the early spring before plants start active growth. Smooth hydrangea flower much better if pruned back annually to a woody framework. Smooth hydrangea cultivars include 'Annabelle' and 'Grandiflora'. Panicle hydrangea cultivars are numerous and include 'Grandiflora', 'Pink Diamond', 'Tardiva', and 'Unique'.
* Oakleaf hydrangeas (H. quercifolia) - These bloom on old wood and can be pruned after flowering if necessary. Cultivars include 'Alice', 'Pee Wee', 'Snow Queen', and 'Sikes Dwarf'.
* Bigleaf hydrangeas (H. macrophylla) - These are hardy in zones 6-9; therefore, stems are often killed back in central and northern Ohio. They bloom on second year wood; if they survive the winter, prune them after blooming. There are numerous cultivars including 'All Summer Beauty', 'Forever Pink', 'Nikko Blue', and 'Glowing Embers'.
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TREE SELECTION DISCUSSION
Pam Bennett initiated a great BYGL discussion by asking what would be a good tree suggestion for a cityscape site. A tree that provided filtered shade was desired, and that was why honeylocust was originally considered. The surface roots of honeylocust were not appreciated, however. As we discussed alternatives, the familiar refrain of each tree having negatives and positives emerged. Tree form wisteria was mentioned, but had the negative of leafhopper damage. Little leaf linden is a tough street tree, but there is the Japanese beetle issue in Pam's part of the state.
Sophora? Some nice foliage but some winter damage occurs over the years and the big drawback is the mess from the fruits which stain cars, not to mention the incredible mess from birds who eat the fruits and then befoul underlying cars. Ash? Well, maybe in coming years there will be more confidence in that choice, but recommending ash is pending relative to what happens with emerald ash borer. A trifoliate-leaved, scab and fireblight resistant crabapple like 'Royal Raindrops'? Perhaps, but maybe not out long enough to know how it will perform. Randy Zondag finally got the most concurrence with the suggestion of zelkova.
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BUG BYTES
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ASH REDUCTION ZONE
A key component of the strategy to eradicate emerald ash borer from North America is the creation of an Ash Reduction Zone six miles wide to halt the spread of EAB from the core infestation. Initial plans from USDA-APHIS show a portion of the Ash Reduction Zone extending across northwest Ohio in an arc anchored on Lake Erie near Port Clinton, curving southwest towards Bowling Green, and northwest, crossing into Michigan near the Indiana border. Intensive surveys are underway to map the location of ash trees, as well as precisely delineate the leading edge of the core infestation, which is currently thought to extend nearly to the Ohio border in southern Michigan. The exact location of the Ash Reduction Zone, which will be routed through areas that are naturally low in ash density, will depend on the outcome of these surveys. The objective of the Ash Reduction Zone, which will take several years to complete, is to completely surround the core infestation in Michigan, Ohio, and Ontario.
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EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY EGGS HATCH
Joe Boggs observed freshly hatched first instar European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) larvae on mugo pine late last week in southwest Ohio, and Dan Herms noted eggs hatched over the weekend in the northeast part of the state. This sawfly spends the winter in the egg stage. The female sawflies use their saw-like ovipositors to deposit eggs in the fall in envelope-like slits cut into needles. Egg scars become light yellow and rows of these scars are evident throughout the winter. The first instar larvae can only eat the needle surface, causing needles to turn brown and wilt, appearing straw-like. This symptom should soon become apparent. As the larvae grow, they eventually consume entire needles.
The larvae are caterpillar-like in appearance, and have bulbous, shiny-black head capsules. Early instars are mostly grayish-green which makes them difficult to detect among the needles. Later instars develop faint grayish-white longitudinal stripes. All instars feed in groups, and can rapidly defoliate branches. Preferred hosts include Scotch, mugo, red, jack, Table mountain, and Swiss mountain pine. White and Austrian pines are occasional hosts. Most insecticides labeled for use on pines will control this sawfly. However as with all sawflies, larvae will not be killed using products based on the naturally occurring bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). An alternative approach to controlling localized populations is to simply knock the colonies onto the ground...and dispatch them using the "sawfly two-step dance."
 
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BOXWOOD PSYLLID
Joe Boggs noted that first instar BOXWOOD PSYLLIDS (Psylla buxi) have emerged from their egg cases in southwest Ohio, and they are covering themselves in white, waxy, flocculent material. The psyllid overwinters as nymphs inside eggs inserted between the bud scales. Once nymphs emerge in the spring, they immediately begin feeding and producing white, waxy secretions on their abdomens. Their feeding injury on the new terminal growth causes cupping of leaves and stunted twig growth. There is only one generation per year and landscape plants tend to outgrow the injury by midsummer.
Injury to plants in nursery production is much less acceptable because of the impact on the rate of growth and the reduction in the aesthetic appearance of infested plants due to the cupped leaves. To avoid the leaf-cupping damage, control measures must be applied as soon as new growth appears. Given that feeding has already commenced, and new growth is emerging, a foliar application of a systemic insecticide is recommended. A more effective strategy would be to apply imidacloprid (e.g. Merit) as a soil drench over the root zone in the fall.
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LARCH CASEBEARER
With great pomp and ceremony, Jim Chatfield announced he had observed a heavy infestation of larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella) feeding on the expanding needles of a larch tree in Wooster, Ohio, on April 16. His report was corroborated by his co-horts on the walk-about, Erik Draper and Joe Boggs. The spring appearance of this perennial BYGL favorite is often heralded with the headline "walking dead needles" because of the unusual appearance of the caterpillars.
The overwintered larvae of this small moth (wing span is only 1/3") get their common name from the cigar-shaped cases they construct. They line mined-out needles with silk, insert their abdomen, and carry the dead needles around for protection. The resulting unusual image is that of "walking dead needles." When disturbed, larvae may attach a strand of silk to the tree and drop on silky threads towards the ground. Damage includes burned or bleached needles that may give the trees a white/silvery appearance. There are two generations per year with the second generation generally appearing in mid-to-late July. Jim indicated he will be waiting for the second generation, with great anticipation.
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THE WRATH OF GRAPES
The metallic, blue-green GRAPE FLEA BEETLES have become active and can be seen sunning themselves on branches of grape vines, Virginia creeper, and plum, apple, pear, quince, beech and elm trees. These shiny, 5 mm long beetles are easily seen in the spring before the leaves have unfurled. After mating, the female will begin laying light yellow eggs in cracks in the bark, bases of buds and bud scales and even on the leaves. In a few days, the spotted, grub-like larvae hatch and begin skeletonizing the underside of the leaves. After 3-4 weeks, the larvae drop to the ground to pupate, then emerge as adults that fall. Adults will then overwinter in the duff below the tree or vines.
Both the adult and larvae damage the leaves as the adults eat leaf buds and unfurling leaves, while the larvae skeletonize the leaves. Although trees usually tolerate this feeding, untreated grapevines can sustain a great deal of leaf loss. Normally, commercial vineyards are usually maintained with an insecticidal spray program which controls the flea beetles as well as other leaf feeding pests, such as the grape berry moth, however, homeowners who don't spray their vines regularly may want to treat the grapevines if they notice that the buds are being eaten.
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TICKS ACTIVE
Several people have called the PPDC about ticks which were found attached to their children or pets. With the rain and warmer temperatures, ticks have hatched and the tiny "seed ticks" can be found in areas where grasses and plants are allowed to grow wild. They crawl to the top of grass leaves or branch tips with legs outstretched, waiting for a warm blooded animal to pass, then "latch on" with their legs. They will stay on this host for a blood meal, then will drop off and molt. This process will continue all summer depending upon the species, although the female will stop sooner to produce eggs.
The main points to remember are to stay out of uncut, wild areas, and stay on paths in the woods. If people or pets will be in wild areas, wear long pants tucked into white socks, and use insect/tick repellents. Make sure that the dog is protected with a flea/tick treatment, obtained from the veterinarian, and check each other once returning home. Ticks tend to crawl upward, so if they escape the first inspection, they will eventually crawl up to the neck and head area.
Remove ticks by grasping the head region with a pair of forceps and gradually pull back. DO NOT use a match, alcohol, or other substances to remove the tick, as usually that results in the head being broken inside the skin. Also remember, that seed ticks are tiny and may appear to be deer ticks, based upon the size. Deer ticks have not been established in Ohio, but are occasionally found on dead deer.
If a tick is attached to your skin, save the tick by placing it in alcohol and send it to the PPDC for identification, or call the Department of Health. You could also just keep the tick in alcohol for a period of time. Usually if a disease was transmitted, symptoms will show within 6-7 weeks.
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THE BYGL WINDSHIELD WIPE
BYGLers also ran into a few other insects this week including:
* Dan Herms indicated that Christmas tree growers in northeast Ohio are fast running out of time for making effective preventative applications to control WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi). Preventative applications include the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin (e.g. Astro) and bifenthrin (e.g. Onyx, Talstar). Dan noted that preventative materials need to be applied now, followed in two weeks by a curative systemic insecticide such as dimethoate (e.g. Cygon). Both preventative and curative applications target the main leaders.
* The frothy masses produced by PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) are now appearing on pines in southwest Ohio. This spittlebug spends the winter as eggs in the bark of twigs of the host. In the spring, the first instar nymphs hatch and move to the bases of young twigs, insert their piercing-sucking mouth parts, and begin feeding on the sap from the phloem. As they feed and excrete excess sap, air bubbles are injected into the excrement and the frothy "spittle" surrounds the feeding nymphs, keeping them moist. The size of the frothy mass grows with the insect and the number of insects feeding together. Several species of pine, spruce, balsam fir, and hemlock serve as hosts for these nymphs and adults. In Ohio, Scots and white pine are the common hosts.
* Joe Boggs reported that the yellowish-orange overwintered larvae of the BOXWOOD LEAFMINER (Monarthropalpus flavus) are now pupating in southwest Ohio. He indicated that there are heavy localized infestations of this tiny fly in his part of the state. Larval control options to prevent mines include an application of imidacloprid (e.g. Merit) made as a soil drench in late fall or early spring, or an application of acephate (e.g. Orthene) made as a foliar systemic spray in mid-to-late May, targeting the early instar larvae of the next generation.
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DISEASE DIGEST
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BLACK KNOT FUNGUS ON PLUMS
Gary Gao reported receiving a sample of black knot fungus on fruit plums and cherries. The black knot resulted from last year's infection. The black knot fungus mainly affects twigs, branches, and fruit spurs. On infected plant parts, abnormal growth of bark and wood tissues produce small, light-brown swellings that eventually rupture as they enlarge. In late spring, the rapidly growing young knots have a soft (pulpy) texture and become covered with a velvety, olive-green growth of the fungus. In summer, the young knots turn darker and elongate. By fall, they become hard, brittle, rough and black.
During the following growing season, the knots enlarge and gradually encircle the twig or branch. The cylindrical or spindle-shaped knots may vary from 1/ 2" to 1' or more in length, and up to 2" in diameter. Small knots may emerge from larger knots forming extensive galls. After the second year, the black knot fungus usually dies and the gall is invaded by secondary fungi that give old knots a white or pinkish color during the summer. Smaller twigs usually die within a year after being infected. Larger branches may live for several years before being girdled and killed by the fungus. The entire tree may gradually weaken and die if the severity of the disease increases and effective control measures are not taken.
To control this fungal disease, infected twigs should be pruned out and destroyed, or removed before bud break. It is important to prune at least 2-4" (5-10 cm) below each knot because the fungus grows beyond the edge of the knot itself. Fungicides can offer significant protection against black knot, but are unlikely to be effective if pruning and sanitation are ignored. Where infectious spore concentrations are high because of an established black knot problem, or a neighboring abandoned orchard, protection may be needed from bud break until early summer. For the most current fungicide recommendations and spray schedules, backyard growers are referred to Bulletin 780 "Controlling Diseases and Insects in Home Fruit Plantings," and commercial growers are referred to Bulletin 506-A2 "Ohio Commercial Tree Fruit Spray Guide."
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DOWNY MILDEW REWRITE
To err is human, but BYGLers do not want to make it a habit. Nevertheless, after one erratum reported last week (the weevil Pissodes strobi is the white pine weevil - not the Northern pine weevil), we erred again. This time with the statement that: "The fungus that causes downy mildew in roses can cause downy mildew in grapes and viburnums". Untrue. All three of those downy mildew fungi are in the genus Plasmopara, so they are related, but they are not the same fungus and will not cross-infect. Downy mildew of rose is caused by Plasmopara sparsa, downy mildew of grape is caused by Plasmopara viticola, and powdery mildew of viburnum is caused by Plasmopara viburni. As with many (but not all) plant pathogens, the host range for these downy mildew fungi is quite narrow.
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DISEASE RESISTANCE
Remember that of the three components of the plant disease triangle (susceptible host plant, virulent pathogen, and environment conducive to disease), the sweetest way to control disease is to prevent it in the first place by selecting plants with excellent genetic resistance to key diseases. If you find yourself again this year in another six weeks getting call after call about why the leaves are falling off the crabapples you installed and you are muttering that "it is the same darn thing over and over again", break the cycle.
Need an upright scab-resistant crabapple - try 'Adirondack'. Need a spreading weeper - try 'Manbeck's Weeper'. A true weeper with soft pink flowers - 'Louisa'. Wild and crazy growth habit which somehow still works - 'Strawberry Parfait'. Yellow fruits - 'Holiday Gold'. Purple fruits - 'Prairifire'. Bright red fruits that persist well into winter - 'Red Jewel'. A Sargent type with pink flowers - 'Candymint'.
Similarly, tired of those zinnias with powdery mildew disease - try the 'Profusion' hybrids, which are crosses between Zinnia angustifolia and Zinnia elegans. Same beef with powdery mildew on beebalm? Go with Monarda didyma 'Petite Delight'. We do not have plants with outstanding resistance to key diseases in all of our ornamentals, but when we do, lets not waste this information. Knowledge is (flower) power!
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TURF TIPS
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MOWING .... THE SPRING CHALLENGE!!!
Proper mowing is the most important maintenance procedure performed on established lawns, sport fields, golf course, and turf areas. Properly mowed lawns have fewer weeds, are denser, more moisture stress tolerant, and of a higher quality. A general rule is - a properly mowed lawn should look as good or better after it is mowed, than before it was mowed! If it does not, then some aspect(s) of the mowing procedure was not done properly.
Rapid turf growth in the spring makes quality mowing a daunting challenge! REMEMBER the basics of mowing; a) mow high, b) mow frequently, c) mow with a sharp blade. For more information refer to the OSU Lawn Mowing fact sheet at this web site, http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/4000/4020.html
The following are some suggestion to consider:
- Mow high, 2.5 inches to 3 inches. This is often the highest setting on the mower.
- Mow frequently. In the spring with very rapid growth this may mean mowing two times a week.
- Recycle clipping when ever possible. This recycles nutrients and reduces yard waste. Some suggestions to deal with excessive clippings include: double cutting the lawn to cut the clipping finer so finer clippings can move down into the turf canopy, mow higher and more frequently, however if there is a thick mat of clippings removal is recommended.
- Should wet grass be mowed? This is more of a safety issue than a problem causing injury to the turf. If the grass needs mowed and it can be done safely, MOW IT! The quality of the mowing may not be as good as dry turf but it is better to keep up then to let the lawn become too tall.
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LEAF SPOT (HELMINTHOSPORIUM) IS ACTIVE
Most common leaf spots in lawns at this time of year are associated with one of the Bipolaris or Drechslera spp. in the past these were lumped together and referred to as Helminthosporium leaf spot. This fungal disease of turf is wide spread at this time of year on susceptible grasses. Check for brown spots and lesions on the leaf blades. Cool wet weather will keep this disease active and increase severity. Older lawns with common Kentucky bluegrass are often the most severely affected. If there are turf areas with a history of this problem manage to minimize damage. Proper mowing is important to maintain turf health. If the lawn is cut too short the disease will cause extensive damage and be much more sever than if mowed high. In newer lawns there are usually more resistant grasses and cultivar to this disease. In extreme cases consider the use of fungicide application(s). Remember the resent changes in fungicide labels that restrict the use of some fungicides on residential lawns. Some products to consider are Heritage, Mancozeb, and Endorse. The iprodione (Chipco 26GT, Iprodione Pro, and 18 Plus) and vinclozolin (Touche and Curalan) products are the most effective but new product can not be used on residential turf.
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2004 TURFGRASS PEST MANAGEMENT BULLETIN NOW AVAILABLE
2004 Management of Turfgrass Pests Weeds, Diseases, and Insects, Bulletin L-187 is now available! This booklet gives the latest information and recommendations for the management of weeds, insects, and diseases of turf in Ohio. Ohio residents contact your OSU county Extension office. For information about the county offices use this web site, http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/distcoun.php
For out-of-state people contact: OSU College of Food, Agricultural, & Environmental Sciences, Communications & Technology - Media Distribution, 2021 Coffey Road, Room 385, Columbus, OH 43210, phone (614) 292-1248. The price is $3.25 plus shipping.
NOTE: All members of the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation (OTF) will be receiving a complimentary copy of this bulletin in May as a member service.
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COMING ATTRACTIONS
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CINCINNATI FLOWER SHOW
If you are trying to decide what to do this week, a visit to the Cincinnati Flower Show should be on top of your list. Over the years, the attendance has grown to 65,000 plus. Whether you're an avid garden enthusiast, a week-end weed warrior, or you're in search of the greatest gardening ideas, the 15th Anniversary Cincinnati Flower Show presented by Provident Bank will win you over with fresh ideas and outstanding horticulture! From the 30 show-stopping garden exhibits in the Grand Marquee sponsored by Delta, to Posyville, a pint-sized interactive children's village, you're sure to find something fun to enjoy when the Cincinnati Flower Show returns to the banks of beautiful Lake Como at historic Coney Island, April 21-25, 2004. Admission for adults at the gate is $16.00 and $3.00 for Children (3-12). For more information about the 2004 Cincinnati Flower Show, log on to the show's website at www.cincyflowershow.com
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BYGLOSOPHY
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Dan Herms on finding borers in declining trees - "Dead Trees are like road-kill; the tree will have borers like the road-kill has maggots."
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