Pam Bennett, Barb Bloetscher, Joe Boggs, Jim Chatfield, Erik Draper, Dave Dyke, Dave Goerig, Tim Malinich, Hannah Mathers, Pam Sherratt, Amy Stone, and Curtis Young
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April 14, 2005
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This is the Second 2005 edition of the Buckeye Yard and Garden Line (BYGL).
BYGL is developed from a Tuesday morning conference call of Extension
agents, specialists and other contributors in Ohio.
BYGL is also made available on the Internet from the Ohio State University
Horticulture and Crop Science (HCS) in Virtual Perspective website
(http://bygl.osu.edu). Additional fact sheet information on any of
these articles may be found through the OSU fact sheet database (http://plantfacts.osu.edu).
BYGL is a service of OSU Extension and is aided by major support
from the Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association (ONLA), with additional
funding from the Ohio Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture
(ISA) to the OSU Extension Nursery Landscape, and Turf Team (ENLTT).
Participants in the April 12, 2005 conference included: Pam Bennett (Clark); Joe Boggs (Hamilton/Piketon); Jim Chatfield (Center at Wooster/HCS); Dave Dyke (Hamilton); Dave Goerig (Mahoning); Joe Rimelspach (Plant Pathology); Dave Shetlar (Entomology); Amy Stone (Lucas); and Curtis Young (Allen)..
Additional factsheet information on any of these articles may be found
through the OSU Factsheet Database (http://plantfacts.ohio-state.edu/)
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WEATHER WATCH
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Here is the weather summaries from selected OARDC weather stations across the buckeye state. The information is a summary of data collected from April 1 - April 13.
| Weather Station |
Region of Ohio |
Ave. High Temp F | Ave. Low Temp F | Ave. Temp F | Normal Ave. Temp F | Total Precip " | Normal Precip " | | Perry |
NE |
59.0 |
35.5 |
N/A | N/A |
0.03" |
N/A | | Hoytville |
NW |
64.6 |
36.7 |
49.8 | 48.9 |
0.47" | 3.25" | | Columbus |
Central |
67.5 |
32.7 |
55.5 | 51.1 |
0.54" | 3.74" | | Miami |
SW |
69.3 |
43.9 |
57.0 | 51.3 |
0.56" | 3.87" | | Jackson |
South |
71.3 |
40.2 |
55.5 | 52.4 |
1.66" | 3.81" |
For additional information, or to see the locations of all of the OARDC weather stations in Ohio,
check out the website at http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/centernet/weather.htm
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HORT SHORTS
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PLANT PHENOLOGY
Spring has sprung and boy did it leap. Joe Boggs and Dave Dyke said that the callery pears (Pyrus calleryana) were in full bloom and saucer magnolias (Magnolia soulangiana) were at petal drop. Redbuds (Cercis canadensis) are starting to bloom in their area.
It central Ohio, it appeared to hit all at once. Pam Bennett reported that the forsythias were in full bloom but weren't spectacular. Flower bud damage was very apparent as many of them were blooming at the base of the plant, just up to the snow line. The damage occurred sometime between the December snow storm (just before Christmas) and January when there was still snow on the ground. Forsythia buds are hardy to -10F to -15F.
Other plants in full bloom or near full bloom in central Ohio were flowering almond (Prunus triloba), saucer magnolia, weeping cherry (Prunus sp.), weeping willow (Salix ), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), henbit, and Rhododendron P.J.M.'. Serviceberry, (Amelanchier laevis and A. canadensis) callery pear and Koreanspice viburnum (Viburnum carlesi) were just beginning to bloom. Redbuds were showing color.
Curtis Young reported saucer and star magnolia (M. stellata) in full bloom. The forsythia was blooming at the base of the plant, as it was in Clark County.
Amy Stone noted that daffodils, forsythias, and star magnolias were in full bloom. The forsythias were nice but weren't as spectacular as last year.
In the Wooster area, forsythia, cutleaf toothwort, and some of the early cherries were in full bloom and saucer magnolias were just beginning to bloom.
Finally, way up in the hinterlands of Mahoning county, Dave Goerig noted that forsythia (no apparent winter damage) saucer magnolia and Japanese pieris (Pieris japonica) were in full bloom.
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GDD (GROWING DEGREE DAYS)
GDD is a measure of the daily maximum and minimum temperature and directly relates to growth and development of plants and insects. The GDD of any zip code location in Ohio is estimated using the GDD of ten OARDC weather stations and available on the web at: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/gdd/
The range of GDD accumulations in Ohio from north to south is 77 to 211. Following is a report of GDD for several locations around Ohio as of April 13, 2005: Painesville, 77; Cleveland, 79; Toledo, 99; Youngstown, 95; Lima, 90; Wooster, 123; Coshocton, 89; Columbus, 102; Springfield, 135; Dayton, 168; Cincinnati, 211; Ironton, 207; and Portsmouth, 208.
To put these GDD accumulations into perspective, the following is an abbreviated listing of plant and insect species with their respective phenological event and average GDD accumulations at which these events occur. Due to variations in weather, temperature, humidity, etc., these events may occur a few days earlier or later than predicted by the average GDD. By looking at a city, town, or village near you from the above list, or visiting the above web site, you can see what could be taking place in the landscape around you.
Red maple, first bloom, 44; northern lights forsythia, first bloom, 58; red maple, full bloom, 75; star magnolia, first bloom, 83; border forsythia, first bloom, 86; eastern tent caterpillar, egg hatch, 92; Manchu cherry, first bloom, 93; northern lights forsythia, full bloom, 94; Norway maple, first bloom, 116; border forsythia, full bloom, 116; chanticleer callery pear, first bloom, 123; sargent cherry, first bloom, 127; larch casebearer, egg hatch, 128; saucer magnolia, first bloom, 133; bradford callery pear, first bloom, 142; European pine sawfly, egg hatch, 144; weeping Higan cherry, first bloom, 145; P.J.M. rhododendron, first bloom, 147; Chanticleer callery pear, full bloom, 149; Norway maple, full bloom, 149; inkberry leafminer, adult emergence, 150;sargent cherry, full bloom, 151; star magnolia, full bloom, 151; Allegheny serviceberry, first bloom, 153; Manchu cherry, full bloom, 155; spring snow crabapple, first bloom, 155; apple serviceberry, first bloom, 159; spruce spider mite, egg hatch, 162; Bradford callery pear, full bloom, 164; Allegheny serviceberry, full bloom, 169; saucer magnolia, full bloom, 174; PJM rhododendron, full bloom, 178; boxwood psyllid, egg hatch, 179; weeping Higan cherry, full bloom, 179; Koreanspice viburnum, first bloom, 185; regent serviceberry, first bloom, 186; Japanese flowering crabapple, first bloom, 189; eastern redbud, first bloom, 191; gypsy moth, egg hatch, 192; Koreanspice viburnum, full bloom, 205; azalea lace bug, egg hatch, 206; spring snow crabapple, full bloom, 209; common flowering quince, full bloom, 214.
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PLANT OF THE WEEK
The selections come from the newly updated "Landscape Plants for Ohio" and "Perennial Plants for Ohio," both published by the ONLA (the perennials book will be available in May). The descriptions and photographs of these plants were provided for these new publications by the OSU ENLTT with great help from friends such as Bill Hendricks and Fred Hower.
* PERENNIAL OF THE WEEK - Pulmonaria spp. - Lungworts. This genus of plants forms a nice groundcover for other shade-loving plants. The speckled white or silver variegated foliage brightens up shady areas as well. Many new cultivars have been introduced in the past that have superior foliage and beautiful blooms. Flowers bloom in early spring and are pinkish, purplish, and whitish. These plants like cool moist soils and look great all season. Look for those cultivars that are powdery mildew resistant.
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BUG BYTES
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EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY EGGS HATCH
Joe Boggs reported that overwintered European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) eggs have hatched in southwest Ohio. The eggs had been deposited last summer in envelope-like slits cut by females into needles using their saw-like ovipositors. The egg slits appear as rows of light yellow spots running lengthwise on the needles. The slits, or egg scars, are evident in the summer but become particularly noticeable during the winter.
First instar larvae are too small to consume entire needles, so they feed along needle edges causing needles to wilt, curl, and turn straw colored. This symptom should soon become apparent. As the larvae grow, they eventually consume entire needles.
The larvae are caterpillar-like in appearance, and have bulbous, shiny-black head capsules. Early instars are mostly grayish-green, which makes them difficult to detect among the needles. Later instars develop faint grayish-white longitudinal stripes. All instars feed in groups, or colonies, and can rapidly defoliate branches. Preferred hosts include Scotch, mugo, red, jack, Table mountain, and Swiss mountain pine. White and Austrian pines are occasional hosts. There is one generation per year, so damage in Ohio is usually confined to last year's needles.
Most insecticides labeled for use on pines will control this sawfly. However, as with all sawflies, larvae will not be killed using products based on the naturally occurring bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). An alternative approach to controlling localized populations is to simply knock the colonies onto the ground...and dispatch them using the "sawfly two-step dance."
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SAWFLIES OR CATERPILLARS?
This weeks European sawfly report highlights a frequently asked question: what is the difference between sawflies and caterpillars? As the season progresses, both will appear in Ohio landscapes and the answer to this question becomes more important than simply satisfying idle taxonomic curiosity.
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. All larvae in the insect order Lepidoptera are alternatively and correctly called caterpillars. Sawflies are related to wasps and bees, and belong to the insect order Hymenoptera. The "saw" in sawfly comes from these insects saw-like ovipositor, and the "fly" comes from the adults fly-like appearance. They lack the thin waist usually associated with other hymenopteran insects. Immature hymenopteran insects are called larvae. Caterpillars can be killed using the naturally bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). So far, no variants of this bacterium have been found that will kill hymenopteran larvae.
There is a handy way to tell the difference between caterpillars and sawfly larvae. Starting at the front, the larvae of both types of insects have 3 pairs of hardened (sclerotized) legs beneath the first three segments immediately behind the head capsule. These are called thoracic legs, and they will remain on the insect into the adult stage. Next, the larvae have pairs of fleshy legs beneath the abdominal segments. These are called "prolegs," and they will be lost when the larvae pupate and the insects emerge as adults. Butterfly and moth caterpillars have 2-5 pairs of prolegs. Sawfly larvae have 6-9 pairs. Use one of your hands to help remember this "rule": if the larvae have the same number of prolegs, or less, as the number of fingers on your hand, they are caterpillars. If they have more prolegs than the number of fingers on your hand, they are sawfly larvae. A successful identification should always be rewarded with a "high-five."
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BURROWING BEES
Dave Shetlar and Joe Boggs reported observing colonies of ground-nesting bees in central and southwestern Ohio, respectively. These bees produce pencil-sized holes in the ground that may be surrounded by small mounds of loose soil. Some of the colonies were impressive in size, covering over 1500 sq. ft., and were literally buzzing with hundreds of male bees randomly cruising a few feet above the groun
There are several species of "solitary" bees that construct burrows in these large collectives. The most common species is slightly smaller in size than a honeybee. The bees are black with faint white bands on the their abdomens, and they are covered with short white to yellowish-white hairs.
The ground burrows are constructed entirely by the females. The males simply cruise the site awaiting their chance to get acquainted with a receptive female. When a female is ready to mate, she emerges a short distance out of the burrow, and becomes bombarded by amorous male callers. A close observer my see clusters of males mobbing a female. The males are very aggressive, and will actively harass other males, as well as unsuspecting gardeners. But their behavior is a bluff since males lack stingers
The females are relatively docile, spending their energy constructing and provisioning burrows. Within each burrow, the female will excavate individual chambers and pack them with pollen and nectar. She then lays an egg in each chamber and seals them. As the larvae grow, they consume the food reserve, then pupate and emerge from the tunnels the following spring. As each successive year progresses, these communes enlarge as more bees return to the site. Despite large collective numbers, the bees are considered solitary because each burrow is constructed and maintained by a single female and the burrows do not connect with one another.
This spring hyper-activity of ground nesting bees generally lasts only a few weeks. This may be cold comfort to home gardeners who believe their landscapes are under siege by a stinging hoard. However, controls are not recommended because these bees are important plant pollinators. Once the current flurry of nesting and mating activity subsides, the bees die, the holes collapse, and little evidence remains of the hymenopteran love-fest
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SHOULD I BE TREATING TREES FOR EAB?
Both homeowners and green industry professionals have been asking if preventive insecticide applications are necessary to protect trees from the EMERALD ASH BORER.. The ENLTTeam, in consultation with Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA), has developed the following recommendation for Ohio.
Currently, we recommend that ash trees in Ohio not be treated with insecticides for emerald ash borer, even if the tree is in the immediate vicinity of a known infestation.
EAB is an exotic insect that is regulated by USDA-APHIS, and it is subject to eradication. If an infestation is discovered here in Ohio, it will have to be removed and destroyed. Female EABs are highly mobile and lay eggs on many trees. Infested trees do not show any external symptoms during the first year of the infestation. Therefore, in the vicinity of any trees showing visible signs of infestation, there will be many more trees that are infested, but show no external symptoms and are considered asymptomatic carriers and must be removed.
The ODA does not recognize insecticide treatments as part of the eradication program, therefore, even if treatment history is well documented, the treated ash tree(s) will not be spared from the Ohio eradication project. In southeastern Michigan, the situation is different. Currently 20 Michigan counties are quarantined and the strategy within those counties is to contain the infestation, as there are too many infested trees to cut down. Consequently, property owners in this area are financially responsible for the removal of dead trees on their property, and some are opting for preventative treatments with mixed results.
For further information, please refer to Ohio Emerald Ash Borer FactSheet, Should I Treat My Trees for Emerald Ash Borer at http://ashalert.osu.edu Remember, Ohio is key in battling this borer. Let's hope the battle against this borer can be won in NW Ohio!
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WINDSHIELD WIPE
BYGLers also ran into a few other insects and mites this week including:
* Jim Chatfield reported that LARCH CASEBEARERS (Coleophora laricella) are feeding on expanding larch needles in Wooster, Ohio. The overwintered larvae of this small moth (wing span is only one-third inch) get their name from the cigar-shaped cases they construct. They line mined-out needles with silk, insert their abdomen, and carry the dead needles around for protection. The resulting unusual image is that of "walking dead needles." When disturbed, larvae may attach a strand of silk to the tree and drop on silky threads towards the ground. Damage includes burned or bleached needles that may give the trees a white/silvery appearance. There are two generations per year, with the second generation generally appearing in mid-to-late July
* As rose leaves expand in southern and central Ohio, BYGL readers are reminded that time is running out to make a soil drench application of imidacloprid (e.g. Merit) to prevent damage by roseslug sawflies. Three species of sawflies carry the name "roseslug" in Ohio. They include: ROSESLUG (Endelomyia aethiops), CURLED ROSE SAWFLY (Allantus cinctus), and BRISTLY ROSESLUG (Cladius difformis). Populations have been high over the past several seasons in many areas of the state. Descriptions of damage caused by these sawflies range from skeletonized leaves, to leaves with holes, to leaves with nothing left but midveins. In other words, they make roses look ratty.
* Joe Boggs reported that oviposition damage left from last seasons emergence of Brood X of the17-year PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada spp.) continues to plague southwestern Ohio. Noticeable accumulations of twigs and small branches festooned with rows of eggs slits are being observed littering the ground beneath deciduous trees, particularly oaks. Damaged stem tissue will continue to cause twig and branch dieback throughout most of the season.
* WHITE PINE WEEVIL UPDATE. White pine weevils have now been active in southern and central Ohio for a week or more. Temperatures over the past week have been relatively warm to almost hot in much of Ohio and, as a result, we may have already exceeded the time period in which the application of Astro (permethrin) and other synthetic pyrethroid treatments are going to be effective against the white pine weevil in the lower 2/3 of the state. For nurseries and Christmas tree growers, this means that you should probably switch from preventive treatments such as Astro to an early curative treatment of dimethoate. For home landscapes, it's too late for a Merit application, but you might still be able to slow down the damage with a permethrin or bifenthrin spray (only to the top third of pines and spruces). For more information, refer to the PEST Newsletter or Dr. Dave Shetlars FactSheet on white pine weevils at the website below. http://bugs.osu.edu/%7Ebugdoc/
* Pam Bennett reported that she is receiving inquiries about managing the BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) on conifers. Bagworms are currently inactive. They are not expected to hatch from their overwintered eggs until June. However, the damage and the bags from previous generations are still visible on hosts that were damaged last year. As home owners venture out into their yards after a long winter, they are discovering the evidence of the past seasons. There is very little that can be done at the current time other than mentally mark the infested trees for future monitoring and hand-picking of bags off of all infested plants and objects that may be near the infested plants. There is no chemical treatment that can be applied at this time to control the bagworm.
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DISEASE DIGEST
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THE FIRE(BLIGHT) THIS TIME?
The verdict is still out, but at least one key environmental factor for the development of bacterial fireblight on Callery pears occurred in southern Ohio during peak bloom there. Bacterial fireblight incidence typically is much greater when bloom coincides with warm, wet conditions. In such situations, bloom infections are greatest. Such conditions in 2001 and 2002 resulted in epiphytotics of bacterial fireblight on Callery pears in those years. Recent temperatures in the 70s and 80s during bloom there fit the bill relative to warmth, but dews and rains were not widespread there during that time, so hopefully fireblight will not be severe in southern Ohio this year. Hopefully as well, the more moderate temperatures occurring in central Ohio as Callery pears bloom there now and in northern Ohio as Callery pears just start to come into bloom will also keep fireblight down to a dull roar in those locations as well. Time will tell.
As for pesticides for fireblight prevention, copper bactericides are of limited help. Pruning after the fact and selecting less susceptible cultivars are the best controls ... along with hoping that the perfect storm of warm and wet weather does not occur. As for relative resistance/susceptibility to fireblight, 'Aristocrat' and 'Autumn Blaze' Callery pears seem to be the most susceptible, while for crabapples 'Golden Raindrops' is one of the most likely candidates for fireblight.
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TURF TIPS
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NIMBLEWILL VISIBLE IN LAWNS
Pam Bennett noted that nimblewill as well as other warm season grasses such as Zoysiagrass are very evident in lawns right now. Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and the cool season grasses have greened up and the warm season grasses are still brown and really stand out.
In order to control nimblewill (and should one decide to eliminate Zoysiagrass), wait until it greens up and then apply glyphosate-containing herbicides (e.g. Round-up). The best control is generally achieved with at least two applications at 10-14 days apart. Since nimblewill may send runners to a considerable distance beyond the infested area, applications should include a zone of two to three feet outside of highly concentrated areas. Re-seed in 7 to 10 days after the last application. Make sure that you rake the soil to ensure good seed to soil contact. Late August is another great time to control nimblewill; however, it's just a bit harder to spot in the lawn.
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DON'T SHOOT UNTIL YOU SEE THE WHITES OF THE BLOOM!
Dave Shetlar reported that he is now picking-up overwintered BLACK TURFGRASS ATAENIUS (Ataenius spretulus) beetles in his light traps in central Ohio. However, he warned that just because a few early birds have arrived, it doesn't mean it's time to get out the sprayer.
The beetles overwinter in protected sites, such as under leaves in woods. As the weather warms in the spring, they begin moving into turf areas to lay eggs. However, their peak flight activity, and the best time to make control applications, has long been associated with the blooming of Vanhoutte (Spirea x vanhouttei) and bridalwreath (Spiraea prunifolia) spirea. The beetle has a strong association with and attraction to decaying organic matter. It is generally found only on turf with thick thatch. Thus, an aggressive thatch management program may help reduce the allure of the turf to this grub producing pillager.
For superintendents who have had past problems with this insect, a surface insecticide applied while the adult beetles are finding egg laying sites can reduce the grub problem. See OSU Extension Bulletin, L-187, "Management of Turfgrass Pests, Weeds, Diseases, and Insects, 2004," for a list of suggested control materials. The web address for L-187 is: http://ohioline.osu.edu/l187/index.html
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MOSEY MOSS BLUES
During this weeks phone conference, it was reported that samples of small green Bryophytes, commonly known as moss, were showing up at extension offices throughout the state. After many moss owners stated these primitive mat forming plants did not exist in their yards before last fall ... many extension educators began to explain that most mosses are perennial plants which spread both vegetatively and by airborne spores. They prefer shady, moist sites but have adapted to a variety of growing conditions. With the last two growing seasons having been overcast and wet, conditions have been favorable for moss establishment in turfgrass.
Mosses are known to invade well-maintained turfgrass stands. They are more likely found in situations with soil compaction, poor drainage, highly acidic soils, low fertility, shade, and turf weakened by insect and disease activity. Mosses can be controlled mechanically by dethatching machines in early spring.
Chemical controls on the market are effective, but will not prevent mosses from returning. Commercial formulations for postemergence control contain copper and zinc for active ingredients. Cryptocidal soaps are available for moss control and act as contact killers by bleaching the moss foliage. Liming soil to raise the pH will benefit some grasses, but for the most part, will have no direct effect on the moss.
Recommended cultural controls should focus on improving the site to aid turfgrass growth and development. This can be accomplished by thinning trees to raise the sunlight levels, improve site drainage, and soil aeration. These controls will increase your chances of re-establishing a healthy thick stand of turf, which will out-compete the mosses. Finally, there is always the option of eliminating the turf and moss altogether in order to establish an ornamental shade garden.
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INDUSTRY INSIGHT
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SPRUCE SPIDER MITES ACTIVE
Spruce spider mites are referred to as "cool season" mites. This type of mite remains active at temperatures that hover just above freezing into the 70-80 F temperature range. Therefore, this mite (as well as the southern red mite, clover mite and winter grain mite) is most active in the fall (mid-September into mid-December) and again in the spring (mid-April into mid-June). The temperatures we have been experiencing in Ohio are prime for continued activity of the spruce spider mite and provide the potential for major flare ups if they are not closely monitored.
Much of the damage that is going to be seen this summer from spruce spider mite feeding actually occurred last year! This is why it is important to control them now. Previous work has shown that the mites don't like to feed on previously damaged needles and they move to the new growth rapidly under those conditions
There are lots of miticides on the market (Avid, Florimite, Hexygon, Sanmite, etc.) for commercial applicators, but there are very few options available for the home owner. While this is a "good thing" for commercial applicators, the do-it-yourself gardener is at a disadvantage. Materials available to the home owner include 2% horticultural oil, insecticidal/miticidal soap, and water (i.e. using a syringing spray to knock the mites off of the plant). Those who elect to use the 2% horticultural oil spray, need to be aware that this can remove the bluish blush from "glaucus" conifers ... turning them a dark shade of green. Insecticidal soaps seem less prone to cause discoloration, but it can occur. Additionally, there are couple of pyrethroid (bifenthrin) products on the market that list spider mites on their labels; however, these products only suppress the mite population and their use can result in major population resurgence by killing the more susceptible predators species.
Check for the mites before you treat! Hold a white sheet of paper under a branch you suspect is infested. Strike the branch sharply three times with a stick, pull out the pad and slowly tilt it to the horizontal to allow any debris (needles and dirt) to drop off. The spider mites will hold on. Any dark speck that you see walking around should be crushed with your finger tip in a streaking manner. If "walking spots" streak olive green, they are spruce spider mites. If they streak yellow or orange, they are beneficial predatory mites. If they don't streak at all, they are most likely "beetle mites" (oribatids) that feed on molds and organic "trash."
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COMING ATTRACTIONS
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SALSA (SECREST ACADEMY FOR LANDSCAPE SCIENCES AND ARTS)
This "churning urn of burning funk" of a horticultural program starts this summer at OSU's Secrest Arboretum at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster. It is for individuals with professional or personal interest in an intensive, hands-on landscape learning experience and is a program of Ohio State University's Secrest Arboretum and the Ohio State University Extension Center at Wooster. Faculty for Session I of SALSA are Jim Chatfield, Ken Cochran, Joe Cochran, and Erik Draper.
SALSA I will focus on the following topics: Making Plant Names Work For You, Discovering How Plants Grow, Selecting Plants for Landscape Solutions and Minimizing Maintenance, Diagnosing Plant Problems, Putting Plants in their Place, and Producing Plants: From Propagation to Pricing. SALSA I will involve 3 full-day sessions on July 18, August 15, and September 19 and is part of a five-part, 15 session/15 month overall Academy
SALSA is a learning experience, advancing your knowledge of the arts and sciences of landscape horticulture, through linked interactive hands-on programs. SALSA is not a series of isolated single-topic programs, nor it a full-fledged 2- or 4- year degree program. SALSA occupies the landscape between these two ... rooted in dedication, blooming with creativity. Class size is limited. The cost of SALSA I is $300 for the full three days of programming. This fee includes considerable reference material and class curriculum notebooks, diagnostic aids such as hand lens, lunches and refreshments. For more information contact Joe Cochran at Secrest Arboretum (330-263-3886; cochran.58@osu.edu).
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THE CINCINNATI FLOWER SHOW
For a quality horticultural experience check out the Cincinnati Flower Show from April 20 - 24 in Coney Island, Ohio (just southeast of Cincinnati). The show is the only one endorsed by the Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain. While there, visit the garden exhibit constructed as a join effort of the OSU Extension, Hamilton County; Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden; Cincinnati Flower Growers Association (CFGA); and Hamilton County Department of Environmental Services in the Grand Marquee tent. Many other members of the CFGA and the green industry will also have premier exhibits in the Grand Marquee and other venues at the Show. For further information go to the website below or call 800 670-6808.
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PLANT HEALTH CARE/WOODLAND AND WILDLIFE WORKSHOP TO BE HELD IN TOLEDO
In celebration of Arbor Day in northwest Ohio, a workshop will be held on Saturday, April 30 in Ottawa Park (across from Toledo Hospital) from 12:00 - 4:00 pm. The event is free and open to the public and will highlight demonstrations and educational sessions for kids and adults. Information on the emerald ash borer, a portable sawmill demonstration, tree pruning and planting, and a chainsaw carver are just a few highlights. The program is sponsored by OSU Extension and the local Soil and Water Conservation Districts. To register, or for additional information, please contact the OSU Extension at TBG office by calling 419-578-6783, or emailing Amy Stone at: stonea@ag.osu.edu
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BYGLOSOPHY
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"The sun was warm but the wind was chill. You know how it is with an April day. When the sun is out and the wind is still, You're one month on in the middle of May. But if you so much as dare to speak, a cloud come over the sunlit arch, And wind comes off a frozen peak, And you're two months back in the middle of March." - Robert Frost
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