Pam Bennett, Barb Bloetscher, Joe Boggs, Jim Chatfield, Erik Draper, Dave Dyke, Dave Goerig, Tim Malinich, Jane Martin, Amy Stone, and Curtis Young
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August 03, 2006
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This is the second 2006 edition of the Buckeye Yard and Garden Line (BYGL).
BYGL is developed from a Tuesday morning conference call of Extension
agents, specialists and other contributors in Ohio.
BYGL is also made available on the Internet from the Ohio State University
Horticulture and Crop Science (HCS) in Virtual Perspective website
(http://bygl.osu.edu). Additional fact sheet information on any of
these articles may be found through the OSU fact sheet database (http://plantfacts.osu.edu).
BYGL is a service of OSU Extension and is aided by major support
from the Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association (ONLA), with additional
funding from the Ohio Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture
(ISA) to the OSU Extension Nursery Landscape, and Turf Team (ENLTT).
Participants in the August 01, 2006 conference included: Carolyn Allen (Clark); Pam Bennett (Clark); Barb Bloetscher (Entomology/C. Wayne Ellett Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic (CWEPPDC)); Joe Boggs (Piketon/Hamilton); Dave Dyke (Hamilton); Tim Malinich (Lorain); Becky McCann (ABE Center); Joe Rimelspach (HCS); Dave Shetlar (HCS); Curtis Young (Allen); and Randy Zondag (Lake). .
Additional factsheet information on any of these articles may be found
through the OSU Factsheet Database (http://plantfacts.ohio-state.edu/)
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WEATHER WATCH
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This week's weather summary includes data from July 1 July 31, 2006. Some parts of the state are getting large amounts of rain while others are receiving it at just the right time. This weather summary includes information from 4 OARDC weather stations across the Buckeye state.
| Weather Station |
Region of Ohio |
Ave. High Temp F | Ave. Low Temp F | Ave. Temp F | Normal Ave. Temp F | Total Precip " | Normal Precip " | | Perry |
NE |
82.2 |
65.6 |
NA
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13.93 |
NA |
NA |
| Hoytville |
NW |
84.9 |
63.6 |
74.0 |
72.8 |
5.8"
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3.79" |
| Oxford |
SW |
87.8 |
67.9 |
77.6 |
73.8 |
4.24" |
3.65"
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| Jackson |
South |
86.8 |
63.1 |
74.6 |
73.5 |
4.76" |
4.38" |
For a link to the OARDC Weather Stations, check out: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/centernet/weather.htm
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STORMS BRING FLOODWATERS
This past week, storms were again in the news, this time along the Lake Erie shore. Tim Malinich reported that an afternoon downpour dumped 2" of rain in the Lorain county area. Erie County experienced similar volumes of precipitation. Storms persisted over much of Lake County Thursday and Friday and dumped a total of more than 10" of rain, leading to major flooding in the area; many nurseries suffered a great deal of damage. To quote Randy Zondag, "I have never seen it come up that fast."
Friday morning, the Grand River was 11' above flood stage, forcing evacuations of businesses and residents. As of the Tuesday morning BYGL conference call, Randy reported that the cleanup was still underway. Nurseries within low lying areas had large and small material carried away by floodwaters. Fields on higher ground were not spared due to the large volume of water running through streams and over ground that just could not absorb any more water. Nursery staff continued to fish containerized material out of streams and lakes.
Plant material not carried away by the water already showed damage from the floods as a plant's initial reaction to flooding is to shut itself down. In this case, as waters receded, above ground portions of the plants were exposed to full sun and the extreme heat. Roots had still not recovered; they were not dead, just not functioning. The result was major leaf scorch- the leaves needed water that the roots could not provide - even though they were flooded.
Damaged portions of the plant can be trimmed back but BYGLers suspect that longer term effects of the flooding will become apparent over the next few weeks. Still unanswered is the question of what contaminants may have been washed into containers and fields from septic fields, roads and submerged vehicles. Watch for updates to appear in future BYGLs.
A closing comment on the flood came from The Unsinkable Randy Zondag, "At first you don't know whether to laugh or cry, then you just deal with it and go on."
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HORT SHORTS
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PLANTS OF THE WEEK
Read all about perennials and landscape trees and shrubs in the ONLA publications "Perennial Plants for Ohio" and "Landscape Plants for Ohio." The descriptions and photographs of plants were provided for these publications by the OSU ENLT Team along with other industry plant lovers. These full-color publications are available at http://Buckeyegardening.com for $5.00. Click on "garden store" and then "onla plant guides." ONLA members can purchase these in quantities at a reduced price at http://onla.org
*PERENNIAL OF THE WEEK. Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberose). Butterflies love this native wildflower perennial with its bright orange. The shrubby plant can grow to around 2-3' tall and blooms from now until early fall. It's quite drought tolerant once established and should not be transplanted. It thrives in poor dry soils. The cultivar 'Gay Butterflies' has a mix of yellow, orange, and red flowers.
*WOODY PLANT OF THE WEEK. Clematis (Clematis spp.). Clematis is an elegant plant both in flower and fruit, and is excellent on trellises, fences, and other structures. It is a great plant to grow on other woody plants in the landscape, as done by Ken Cochran of OSUs Secrest Arboretum. There is a wide range of clematis taxa in terms of flower size and hue, with colors from white to blue to yellow. The common "warm top and cool bottom" cultural recommendations mean that it is best to plant in some sun but also some shade for the soil to keep roots cool. Mulch and adequate organic matter in the soil are a big help. Avoid extremely wet sites. Clematis is a good plant for alkaline soils.
Different clematis options include the Clematis x jackmanii hybrids as well as the white flowering sweet autumn clematis, C. terniflora. It has fragrant masses of tiny snow-white flowers blooming from August-October. There are also blue-flowered cultivars such as 'Elsa Spaeth'.
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TREES CRACKING UP?
This past week at the Plant Health Care Work Shop in Wooster there was some discussion regarding the "how's and why's" of sunscald and frost cracks. Alan Siewert, Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Forestry, explained the subtle, yet important distinctions between these two common tree maladies caused by cold temperatures. Here is Alan's explanation of frost cracks and frost shakes.
Frost crack is a very linear injury that runs vertically along the trunk of the affected tree. The damage does not typically spread horizontally around the tree. Once initiated, the injury may reoccur year after year and the callus attempting to close the wound forms a ridge on the trunk. This ridge on the trunk may sometimes stick out as afar as 5-6".
Frost cracks form during a sudden and significant drop in winter temperatures. A drop of 40 or 50F in one or two hours causes frost cracks. To understand the formation of the damage, remember trees are made up of concentric layers. When the outside layers cool faster, and therefore contract faster than the inner layers, extreme tension is created on the outside layers. If the stress is significant enough, the outside rings fail and a split forms. Anecdotal reports have associated frost cracks with old pruning wounds or stem girdling roots. Old pruning wounds can form a weak link in the outer rings and maybe a natural location for initiating the split. Some local arborists feel that reduced growth in the trunk, associated with a stem girdling root (SGR), creates an ideal weak spot for frost cracks to form. However, pruning wounds and SGR's alone do not cause frost cracks.
The Journal of Arboriculture reports indicate the contraction of the rings is due to the drying of the cells, specifically when water becomes ice. This suggests the sudden temperature drop should involve, at some point, passing through and going below 32F or the freezing point of water.
Long-term effects of frost cracks depend upon the compartmentalization ability of the plant. Plants with good compartmentalization usually limit discoloration and decay to a very thin layer along the crack. Decay can be more extensive in trees with poor compartmentalization, however; the damage is seldom very extensive. Currently, there is no recommended treatment for frost cracks.
Frost shakes are internal damage that is seldom visible before the tree is removed. Frost shakes form during a sudden and significant rise in winter temperature. The expanding, warm outer rings of wood become separated from colder, inner rings. Frost shakes are an issue in the timber industry because they reduce the quality and value of the lumber but are not an issue for the landscape industry.
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YELLOW NUTSEDGE SPREADING RAPIDLY
Several BYGLers made comments about and have observed and received calls on yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) spreading rapidly in lawns, especially in damaged areas and landscape beds. Yellow nutsedge is not a grass, although it looks like one. Sedges have triangular stems, and the leaves are three-ranked instead of two-ranked, which means the leaves come off the stems in three different directions. Yellow nutsedge is pale green to yellowish and usually grows more rapidly than turfgrass. Because of this rapid shoot growth, it sticks up above the rest of the grasses, only a few days after mowing.
Management of nutsedge is accomplished by manual removal or chemical application; however, in either case, it is challenging. Nutsedge is difficult to control culturally because it produces numerous tubers (nutlets) that give rise to new plants. When the top part of the plant is pulled out, the nutlets are frequently left behind in the soil. After the dominance of the top part of the plant is removed, the dormant nutlets become active. However, it is possible to control nutsedge by pulling, but persistence is the key. It is easier to get the nutlets if the soil is slightly moist. Every time new plants emerge, they need to be quickly pulled again.
Chemical control is not usually a one shot deal either. Three herbicides are available for nutsedge control: bentazon (e.g. Basagran), MSMA (monosodium acid methanearsonate or calcium acid methanearsonate) and halosulfuron-methyl (e.g.Sedgehammer, formerly Manage). Basagran and MSMA tend to be less effective than Sedgehammer and often cause temporary discoloration of the desirable turfgrass. Basagran is somewhat more effective than MSMA, but both products require repeat applications. MSMA is the least expensive of the three and is widely available in the homeowner market. MSMA is often sold under generic names such as "crabgrass killer" (because it is also used for post-emergence crabgrass control) or "nutgrass killer." Check the label to determine whether such products contain MSMA and are labeled for nutsedge. Small packages of Sedgehammer are also available to homeowners, but one may have to search several retail outlets to find it. Finally, be careful using any of these products in landscape beds. Non-target plants could be impacted. It is probably best to manage yellow nutsedge in landscape beds by hand pulling.
 
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TOMATO TROUBLES
BYGLers reported getting calls and samples regarding malformed, cracked or rotting tomatoes. The problems turned out to be BLOSSOM-END ROT or CATFACING, two common disorders of tomato fruits that commonly show up this time of year. They are often mistaken for an infectious disease, and crop losses can be substantial in some years.
Blossom-end rot is a disorder of not only tomatoes, but eggplants and peppers as well. It is a physiological condition caused by a lack of calcium in the fruit of the plant. Calcium is needed for normal cell growth. As the fruit rapidly develops, the tissues break down if sufficient calcium is not available. This results in characteristic black leathery sunken areas on the blossom-end of the fruit. Secondary pathogens can invade the damaged tissue. These opportunistic rots and molds often destroy the entire fruit.
To help reduce the occurrence of blossom-end rot maintain soil even soil moisture; avoid fluctuations between extremely wet and extremely dry. Have the soil tested and apply lime in low pH soils to maintain the pH near 6.5. Avoid over fertilization which encourages rapid growth.
Catfacing refers to a pattern of large scars on the bottom of the fruit. The most common cause of catfacing is exposure of the plants to cold temperatures (below 50F) for two days or nights during fruit initiation. The scars show up much later during the growing season so growers do not always connect the damage to cold weather earlier in the year. Nothing can be done to cure the cold-induced catfacing, but fruits ripening later on should be free of the condition. Herbicide and wind or storm damage can also cause catfacing.
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BUG BYTES
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CATERPILLARS HANG OUT IN GROUPS
Various-sized instars of walnut and yellownecked caterpillars were noted by Dave Shetlar on several deciduous trees. While walnut caterpillars prefer the leaves of nut trees such as walnut, hickory, and pecan, the yellownecked caterpillars are
After hatching, the larvae feed in groups, skeletonizing from the underside of the leaves. When disturbed, they rear up in a defensive posture to ward off predators. Later instars feed by themselves and demolish entire leaves at a time. Once they finish eating, they wander off to pupate in the soil. In northern climates, only one generation occurs, with the adult moth emerging in the spring. Southern states may have two generations.
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KILL'EM OR STOP'EM: BAGWORMS ARE CAUSING A LOT OF DAMAGE
Bagworms are getting big, fat and sassy! And they are causing a lot of damage, especially to arborvitae, junipers and spruces. Many of the infested evergreens are spotted in landscapes from a distance as the tops of the plants to entire plants are brown and are very sparsely foliated. Large populations of bagworms have stripped evergreens clean of their upper green foliage and are continuing to feed. Thus, susceptible plants need to be inspected as soon as possible. Deciduous plants are also affected by bagworm feeding; however, they normally recover the following year.
If a bagworm population is devouring foliage, spray with an insecticide before they can cause any further damage, if not death of the infested host plant (evergreens primarily). An insecticide treatment at this time (close to pupation) may not kill the caterpillars, but may stimulate them to prematurely pupate and survive to complete their lifecycle. This is acceptable as long as you follow up with spras again next June.
The main goal at the current time is to either kill'em or stop'em from causing any further damage. The ones that do escape to complete their life cycle can be dealt with next year early in the season. Make notes of where the infested plants are located in the landscape and mark your calendars to inspect these plants and neighboring plants next year in mid-June to early July to detect and deal with infestations when management is more successful.
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NASTY BITERS: HORSE AND DEER FLIES
Once again, horse and deer flies (Tabanus and Chrysops spp., respectively) are annoying, harassing and biting unsuspecting outdoor enthusiasts. These blood suckers (females only) can give an extremely painful bite if given the chance. Since they are nearly silent when flying and alight very softly, they can be on exposed skin and biting before one knows it. Those with bald heads are exceptionally vulnerable to attack from behind. Horse flies are adept at locating warm-blooded animals, including people near swimming pools, streams, ponds, marshy areas and in the woods. According to Missouri University entomologists, the flies apparently are sensitive to parts of the electromagnetic spectrum--their sight may be like "thermal vision" cameras used to detect heat leaks in houses. They are also attracted to large moving objects which give off heat, like cars and trucks and more savory targets such as cows, horses, deer and humans.
So what can be done to deter these critters from biting? Not much! Followin are some suggestions. Avoid areas where horse and deer flies are most active; since the horse flies are active during the day, stay inside during daylight hours (this is not very practical when there are so many activities outside during the day to attend). Stay alert for flies searching for a host. Use an insect repellent containing DEET. Wear light colored clothing and protective mesh outdoors. In extreme cases, hats with mesh face and neck veils and neckerchiefs may add some protection.
A unique fact sheet on trolling (trapping) horse and deer flies can be found at the following web site: http://ufinsect.ifas.ufl.edu/deerfly_trap.htm. Another device is the "Tred-not Deer Fly Patch," which is a new, non-chemical sticky patch for controlling horse and deer flies. Some testers have reported good results from these odorless, non-chemical, adhesive patches. The patches are 3x6", and are worn on the back of a baseball cap to trap and hold biting deer flies. This might be the salvation for us baldies!
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DISEASE DIGEST
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REMEMBER WHY FUNGICIDES FAIL!
BYGLers had a lengthy discussion on foliar diseases that have been encouraged by the heat and high humidity that much of Ohio has been experiencing over the past couple of weeks. Numerous calls have been received describing various plants with severe amounts of fungal infections growing on the leaves of several species of plants. The temptation now is to apply a fungicide to the plants suffering from these diseases, but restraint should be exercised. It is important to remember that nearly all of the available fungicides to treat these diseases are preventative and not curative. Spraying once fungal growths are visible is already too late to do any good.
It is better to make note of the plants affected by the diseases, verify the identification of the diseases, and prepare to manage the diseases in the future, most likely next season. A four part series of articles were published in BYGL earlier this year entitled, "Why Fungicides Fail." Now would be a good time to go back and review these articles before breaking out the fungicides to attempt to take care of these foliar problems. The articles appeared in BYGL 2006 issues 8, 9, 10 and 13. Archived issues of BYGL can be viewed on-line at: .
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TURF TIPS
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TURF TRAVAILS AT THIS TIME
(Guest writer - Joe Rimelspach). The heat of summer is taking its toll on cool-season grasses in Ohio. There have been many calls and samples regarding brown spots in lawns. Following are some of the problems observed this past week:
*Poa trivialis or roughstalk bluegrass is going dormant due to the heat. Despite adequate rainfall or irrigation, this species of grass goes dormant (it's not dead) in the heat. The grass is very stoloniferous and often mats to the ground. Since it grows in patches, it may mimic a disease problem. Testing your skills in grass identification helps to determine this problem.
*Dollar spot continues to be a wide spread problem. This has been misdiagnosed as Pythium bight many times, including 3 homeowner samples sent into the CWEPPDC this past week. Refer to the fact sheet http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/3000/3075.html for more details on this disease.
*Pythium blight is the most commonly misdiagnosed disease problem. The cases of this are VERY rare in established lawns. The exception would be on lush newly seeded turfgrass.
*Brown patch is apparent in almost all over-irrigated lawns due to nearly perfect environmental conditions of hot humid weather. The disease is especially common on over watered tall fescue turfgrass. See OSU fact sheet http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/3000/3084.html for more details.
*Grass is turning brown because of high temperatures and wear. Consistent cooler growing conditions and soil moisture are necessary for turfgrass growth and recovery.
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SOD WEBWORMS FLYING
Sod webworm moths have been reported flying around lights in central Ohio. At this time, they are most likely the bluegrass webworm, Parapediasia teterrella, and can be identified by the pattern on their wings and characteristic long palps (mouthparts) which form a snout-like projection in the front of their heads. Sod webworms, in general, land with their heads pointed downward and their wings folded over their back. The bluegrass webworm is buff colored with a wing span of 15-21 mm. Near the edge of the wing is a line of seven black spots, with an orangish line right along the tip. The veins on the forewing are lighter than the wing itself and show distinctively.
Control is often not warranted in home lawns, as the damage is localized to small spots or pockets where the larvae are feeding. At times the spots coalesce into irregular patches. The diagnostic key is to spread the turfgrass blades aside and look for greenish, rounded droppings in the thatch. Look for a tunnel within the thatch and webbing. If the droppings are green, the caterpillars are still present; brown, dried frass indicates old damage. Green leaves may be noticed sprouting from the turfgrass crowns, indicating new growth.
Don't confuse sod webworm damage with drought, chinch bugs or billbug damage; examine the turfgrass so that if control is warranted, it can be applied before more damage occurs.
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INDUSTRY INSIGHT
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CICADA KILLER WASPS ON THE LOOSE!
Several BYGLers reported that many golf course sand traps and sand volleyball courts in their areas are literally buzzing with cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus). As their common name implies, these giant wasps are the nemesis of DOG-DAY CICADAS (Tibicen spp.). Indeed, an abrupt halt in the staccato "singing" of a cicada, often punctuated by a high-pitched screech, usually means a cicada killer has committed an insecticidal act. It is no accident that the arrival of the wasps coincides with the arrival of the cicadas.
The wasps range in size from 1 1/8" - 1 5/8" long. Their black bodies are marked with yellow to white patches on the first three abdominal (rear part) segments. The head, thorax and legs are rusty red and the wings russet-yellow. As with all hymenoptera (wasps, bees, etc.), only the females possess stingers (ovipositors); however, they are not aggressive. The females spend their time digging and provisioning burrows with paralyzed cicada-prey. The males spend their time establishing and defending territories that encompass the females. They will aggressively buzz any transgressor who dares to enter their territory including people. Of course, it's all a ruse since the males lack stingers.
The females prefer to dig their brood burrows in sandy, bare, well-drained soil that is exposed to full sunlight. Although the wasps are considered solitary, they all practice the same nesting behavior. Thus, it is not unusual for there to be numerous burrows, and wasps, in relatively small sandy patches. Cultural practices that promote a thick growth of turf usually eliminate a cicada killer infestation in one or two seasons. Since these are beneficial insects, chemical control should be reserved for severe infestations located in close proximity to human activity. Following label directions, a dusting with carbaryl (e.g. Sevin), or a powdered formulation of a pyrethroid, around the burrows is normally effective in killing the wasps.
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COMING ATTRACTIONS
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GATEWAY GARDEN JUBILEE IN CLARK COUNTY
On August 5th from 9:00 - 1:00 p.m., the gardens at the OSU Extension office in Clark County (Springfield) will be on display and nary a weed present (hopefully!). The Master Gardener volunteers of Clark County are hosting the event in an effort to showcase the Gardens. Enjoy over 200 varieties of annuals in the field trials, various herb and perennial gardens, the OSU turf and the vegetable research plots, a newly-renovated children's garden, and over 40 mixed containers. Hot dogs and drinks, music and fun and games are all available. The event is free and open to the public. For more details, contact 937-328-4607. For directions to the garden, go to http://clark.osu.edu. The event is held rain or shine.
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"Adopt the pace of nature, her secret is patience." Ralph Waldo Emerson
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BYGLIVE! IN CINCINNATI
The 5th 2006 BYGLive! Diagnostic Walk-About in Cincinnati will be held on Monday, August 7, at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Gardens. Participants will walk-about from 12:00 - 3:00 pm. with our hosts Steve Foltz (Director of Horticulture), Brian Jorg (Horticulture Manager), and others looking at plants, plant pests and diseases, animals, and other points of considerable interest.
Don't miss the annual plants trial and demonstration gardens jointly sponsored by OSU Extension, Hamilton County, the Cincinnati Flower Growers Association, and the Zoo! For more information on the Walk-About, contact Joe Boggs at: 513-946-8993.
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NURSERY GROWERS OF LAKE COUNTY OHIO (NGLCO) FIELD DAY
Will be held at Lake County Nursery Incorporated, Perry, Ohio on Tuesday August 8, 2006. There will be over 100 exhibitors of plant materials, fertilizers, chemicals and equipment used in the Green Industry. Visit the website at http://www.nglco.com/fieldday.htm for detailed information or call 440- 241-7969. The NGLCO is hosting a Monday Evening Casino night for those who plan to arrive on Monday; pre registration is required for this event. Come visit with your friends and tour the nursery at the 39 Nursery Summer Field Day.
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SALSA V
The next session of SALSA (Secrest Academy of Landscape science and Arts) is scheduled to begin Monday, August 21, 2006, with subsequent sessions on September 18 and October 16. SALSA is for individuals with a professional or personal interest in an intensive, hands-on landscape learning experience. It is a series of three full day-long courses (9:00 a.m. - 5:30 p.m.) at the OSU Secrest Arboretum and the OSU Extension Center at Wooster.
Each SALSA series may be taken independently from the others. The three sessions of SALSA V will focus on Plant Physiology, Plant Propagation, Pest and Disease Identification, Disease and Insect Management, Fall Bulbs, Natural History of Plants, Arboretum Walks, and Landscape Design. Faculty for SALSA V will include: Jim Chatfield , OSU Extension Center at Wooster and Departments of HCS and Plant Pathology, Joe Cochran, Secrest Arboretum, OSU, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ken Cochran, Secrest Arboretum, OSU, OARDC, and Erik Draper, OSU Extension, Geauga County.
Class sizes are limited. The cost of SALSA Course V is $300 for the full three days of programming. This fee includes reference materials, lunches and refreshments. For more information about SALSA send an email to: cochran.58@osu.edu
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TREE SURVIVAL SCHOOL for 2006
Will be held on October 4, 5, - 6 in Bay Village, Cuyahoga county. Randy Zondag and Alan Siewert will teach this three-day school. Class limited to 35 participants. ISA credits are available for certified arborists. For registration questions, call 440-225-7613.
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PESTICIDE LICENSE TRAINING SCHOOL
Scheduled for October 10th in Lorain County. This is a training session for those preparing to take the test to obtain ODA Recertification credit in ornamental, turf or industrial vegetation. Put a hold on these dates, more information to follow.
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OCTOBER 11 TREE FORUM
The "Why Trees Matter" Community Tree Forum, featuring the "Environmental, Economic and Social Benefits and Impacts of Community Forests" will be held on October 11 at OSUs OARDC in Wooster. This forum is a program of the OSU Next STEP (Street Tree Evaluation Program), OSUs Secrest Arboretum, and the OSU Extension Center at Wooster. "Why Trees Matter" is for all those interested in Ohio's community forests, including street tree commissions, mayors, arborists and urban foresters, utility companies, economic development and resource managers, nurserymen and landscapers, and all citizens of Ohio interested in the resource of trees in our urban and suburban areas.
The keynote address will be by Dr. David V. Bloniarz, the project coordinator of the USDA Forest Service's Northeast Center for Urban and Community Forestry at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst. Dr. Bloniarz has worked on numerous urban forestry projects throughout the northeast U.S., including volunteer street inventories in communities of various sizes in Massachusetts and in New York City. He is a key scientist in developing models and software for determining values of streetscape trees, developing volunteer-driven inventories of urban forests, and in community and natural resource management in community forests. Dr. Bloniarz will address "Why Trees Matter" in terms of current and emerging research of environmental, social and economic benefits of trees.
Additional programs at the Forum will include the current and future Street Tree Evaluation Program of OSU partnering with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry and the development of the new OSU Community Tree research plots at Secrest Arboretum and in communities throughout Ohio. For further information and registration materials for October 11, contact Sue Beasley at the OSU Extension Center at Wooster Beasley.37@osu.edu, 330-263-3799, fax = 330-263-3667, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691).
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BYGLOSOPHY
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"Adopt the pace of nature, her secret is patience." Ralph Waldo Emerson
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