Pam Bennett, Barb Bloetscher, Joe Boggs, Jim Chatfield, Erik Draper, Dave Dyke, Dave Goerig, Tim Malinich, Amy Stone, and Curtis Young.
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September 01, 2005
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This is the twenth-second 2006 edition of the Buckeye Yard and Garden Line (BYGL).
BYGL is developed from a Tuesday morning conference call of Extension
agents, specialists and other contributors in Ohio.
BYGL is also made available on the Internet from the Ohio State University
Horticulture and Crop Science (HCS) in Virtual Perspective website
(http://bygl.osu.edu). Additional fact sheet information on any of
these articles may be found through the OSU fact sheet database (http://plantfacts.osu.edu).
BYGL is a service of OSU Extension and is aided by major support
from the Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association (ONLA), with additional
funding from the Ohio Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture
(ISA) to the OSU Extension Nursery Landscape, and Turf Team (ENLTT).
Participants in the August 29, 2005 conference included: Carolyn Allen (Clark); Pam Bennett (Clark); Barb Bloetscher (Entomology/C. Wayne Ellett Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic (CWEPPDC)); Joe Boggs (Center at Piketon/Hamilton); Erik Draper (Geauga); Dave Dyke (Hamilton); Tim Malinich (Lorain); Joe Rimelspach (Plant Pathology); Dave Shetlar (HCS); Amy Stone (Lucas); Nancy Taylor (CWEPPDC); Curtis Young (Allen); and Randy Zondag (Lake)..
Additional factsheet information on any of these articles may be found
through the OSU Factsheet Database (http://plantfacts.ohio-state.edu/)
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WEATHER WATCH
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This week's weather summary includes data from August 1 to August 29, 2006. This weather summary includes information from 4 OARDC weather stations across the buckeye state.
Recent rains were welcomed by many BYGLers across the buckeye state. Pam Bennett reported that a total of 4" of rain fell in the Springfield area since Sunday. Joe Boggs and Dave Dyke reported the rains in Greater Cincinnati were generally widespread; however, rainfall totals varied widely throughout the region. Some areas received around 1/2" while other areas were deluged with more than 3". Curtis Young reported that soil cracks were very common in Allen County prior to this week's soaking rains. Precipitation was steady in the Toledo area, and rainfall totals neared 1".
| Weather Station |
Region of Ohio |
Ave. High Temp F | Ave. Low Temp F | Ave. Temp F | Normal Ave. Temp F | Total Precip " | Normal Precip " | | Perry |
NE |
80.5 |
63.6 |
----- |
N/A |
2.14 |
----- |
| Hoytville |
NW |
84.4 |
60.3 |
72.1 |
70.6 |
2.03 |
2.73 |
| Miami |
SW |
87.8 |
67.0 |
76.8 |
71.9 |
2.23 |
2.50 |
| Jackson |
South |
87.8 |
62.3 |
74.5 |
72.2 |
2.11 |
3.44 |
Below is a quick rainfall comparison of actual vs. normal or average for the four areas (January 1 - August 29, 2006): Perry, 38.81" vs. NA; Hoytville, 27.16" vs. 22.74"; Miami, 29.17" vs. 25.03"; and Jackson, 27.07" vs. 30.08".
For a link to the OARDC Weather Stations, check out: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/centernet/weather.htm
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HORT SHORTS
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PLANTS OF THE WEEK
Read all about perennials and landscape trees and shrubs in the ONLA publications "Perennial Plants for Ohio" and "Landscape Plants for Ohio." The descriptions and photographs of plants were provided for these publications by the OSU ENLT Team along with other industry plant lovers. These full-color publications are available at http://Buckeyegardening.com for $5.00. Click on "garden store" and then "onla plant guides." ONLA members can purchase these in quantities at a reduced price at http://onla.org .
*PERENNIAL OF THE WEEK. Sedum (Sedum spp.) -- Many cultivars of sedum are coming into bloom in central Ohio at this time. The most common cultivar in the landscape is 'Autumn Joy', but over the last few years numerous other cultivars have hit the market. Depending upon the species, sedum can be a ground cover (S. spurium - hens and chicks) or grow to around 3' tall. Foliage can be green to bronze to whitish or variegated. Blooms run from pinkish to reddish to white and bloom anywhere from June on until the fall. One of the newest cultivars that have gardeners excited is 'Neon' with its truly neon-pink flowers.
*WOODY ORNAMENTAL OF THE WEEK. Silver linden (Tilia tomentosa) -- This plant was selected in order to draw attention to the quality of the foliage despite Japanese beetles. While littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata) has been devastated by the pest, silver lindens still look pretty good. The tree does have some feeding injury but it doesn't appear to be as significant as the damage to the littleleaf linden. In addition, this tree does well in street trees sites and grows to around 40-50' tall. The dark green upper and silvery lower leaves add color to the landscape when fluttering in the wind.
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A "WOW" PLANT FOR YOUR LANDSCAPE
BYGLers occasionally come across a plant that compels us to say, "Wow!" MAGELLAN FUCHSIA, or hardy fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica), is one such plant.
Dave Dyke obtained a sample of this very attractive shrub from one of his Cincinnati greenhouse clients for trial in his garden in the spring of 2004. It has turned out to be a beautiful addition to his landscape. There are over 100 species of this genus of erect, procumbent, climbing shrubs, as well as epiphytes, and small to medium trees. It is native to Mexico, Central and South America, all the way to Tierra del Fuego, as well as New Zealand and Tahiti. Most fuchsia cultivars are the result of breeding between many different species.
The hardiest fuchsia species is magellanica, which grows to the Magellan Straits in southern Chile. There are many cultivars of this species, and various authorities list a range of hardiness from zone 3 to zone 6. Dave's plant has frozen back to the ground each of the last 2 years; however, it comes back stronger each spring.
Magellan fuchsia requires full sun to partial shade. It also requires a moist but well-drained soil and may attain a height of 3' - 4'. It wilts rather quickly in full sun. Therefore, the tendency is to overwater this plant, which often leads to its death (Washington State University lists it as a drought tolerant plant). It is probably best to plant it in a protected area receiving sun for about 3 to 6 hours per day. Make sure it is mulched with at least 2 inches of a quality mulch to minimize winter injury.
 
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BUG BYTES
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THE PLAGUE OF THE GRASSHOPPERS
What used to be just a "historical account" to Pam Bennett has now become a reality in the past few years in the Gateway Learning Gardens in Clark County. She had heard of massive plagues of grasshoppers causing damage to plants in her area, but over the past few years she has actually experienced it -- well, not actually at plague levels, but to a perennial gardener, nonetheless, it's devastating!
Grasshopper populations have built to the point in the past two years where damage has been quite extensive on several plants in Pam's gardens. Severe damage has been observed on ornamental grasses and plants with grass-like leaves such as iris, daylilies, sweet flag, and orris root. The grasshoppers chew the edges of the leaves, rendering them ragged.
The jury is still out on the population this season. Just as Pam thought that she might not see any damage (last week), more damage was present this week. It could get worse, as grasshoppers tend to move out of agricultural fields after harvest and into the nearby gardens. Heavy infestations of grasshoppers may require chemical treatment to reduce or prevent serious damage to desirable plants. For a list of effective materials and control timing, refer to OSU Extension Bulletin 504, "Insect and Mite Control on Woody Ornamentals and Herbaceous Perennials http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/centernet/weather.htm
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GROUND BEETLES STILL 'SWARMING'
BYGLers are still reporting receiving calls about swarms of ground beetles coming to porch and security lights, and ultimately entering homes and other structures as uninvited guests. These predators are considered beneficial insects when they are outdoors and a general nuisance when indoors. Management recommendations for these intruders include turning off all unnecessary outdoor and indoor lights that would attract the beetles to houses and other structures, and applying a perimeter insecticide spray (e.g., resmethrin, bifenthrin, etc.) around the foundation, doors and windows of vulnerable structures.
Exactly why there are so many ground beetles this year is not known. However, BYGLers speculated that the outbreak could be the result of several factors, including: the beetles may have benefited from prime environmental conditions for survival of all stages of the life cycle (e.g., moist warm conditions during the egg stage, mild winter for overwintering survival, etc.); there were plentiful food resources for growth and development (e.g., lots of caterpillars such as army worms and sod webworms); the beetle burst may simply represent peaks in normal population cycles. Populations could remain high for the next couple of years or they could crash due to population density dependent mortality factors such as diseases, predation, or shortage of resources.
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ACORN PLUM GALLS
Participants in the Master Gardener Advanced Training Diagnostic Walk-About held last Wednesday at Wilmington College's Hazard Arboretum were awed by acorn plum galls growing from the caps of red oak acorns. The rounded to plum-shaped galls exhibit a striking color pattern. Their tannish-brown surface is shot-through with vibrant blood-red or purplish-red streaks and blotches. Some participants described the galls a looking like "blood-shot eyeballs" hanging from the acorn caps. The galls are produced by the cynipid wasp, Amphibolips prunus, and each contains a single wasp larva housed in a seed-like cell at the center of the gall.
When the galls are cut open with a steel knife or pruners, the inner flesh is at first yellow to tan in color, but turns a deep purplish-red after several minutes. This "dye reaction" involves a two-step chemical process. First, iron from the knife or pruners is extracted by the tannic acid in the gall fluid. Next, the mixture oxidizes with exposure to air causing the fluid to change colors. This trait is shared with similar oak galls found in Europe and exploited during the Middle Ages to produce ink. Indeed, some of our most famous historical documents were written with gall-ink.
Currently, the oak plum galls remain firmly attached to the acorn caps and range in size from 1/4" - 3/4" in diameter. They may eventually grow in size to over 1" in diameter. Once the wasp larvae complete their development, the "mature" galls detach from the acorns and drop to the ground. Since the galls grow from acorn caps, they cause no appreciable harm to the health of their oak hosts. However, "blood-shot eyeballs" dropping from oak trees may generate calls from concerned homeowners to Extension offices.
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CATALPA SPHINX MOTH CATERPILLARS
Participants in the Master Gardener Walk-About also witnessed the depredations of second generation catalpa sphinx moth caterpillars (Ceratomia catalpae) on their namesake host. One catalpa tree was completely defoliated while another nearby tree was made a "see-through tree" by the caterpillars. The moth has two generations per season in Ohio. They spend the winter as pupae 2"-3" inches beneath the soil surface.
Catalpa sphinx moth caterpillars are also called catalpa hornworms owing to a distinctive black "horn" on their posterior end. The caterpillars have two "color forms": the dark form and pale form. Dark form caterpillars have a broad, black stripe running down their backs, and their sides are yellow to yellowish-white with black spots. Pale form caterpillars are light green or greenish yellow and may have a row of black spots down the back rather than a black stripe.
The Walk-About participants also observed the extreme depredations of the nemesis of catalpa hornworms: the wasp parasitoid Contesia congregate (Family: Braconidae). Parasitoids are parasitic insects that must kill their hosts in order to develop. This is a "gregarious parasitoid" meaning that multiple wasps develop inside a single caterpillar. Virtually all of the caterpillars were festooned with numerous white, oblong, silken wasp cocoons. The heavy parasitism demonstrated the suppressive pressure that can be exerted by parasitoids upon their hosts. Indeed, this wasp is considered a major factor in producing dramatic year-to-year fluctuations in catalpa hornworm populations.
Tomato aficionados may recognize that this is the same species of wasp that parasitizes TOMATO HORNWORMS (Manduca sexta), and TOBACCO HORNWORMS (M. quinquemaculata). However, recent DNA analysis has shown there are significant genetic differences between wasps in this species that attack catalpa hornworms and those that attack tomato/tobacco hornworms.
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UNINVITED PSYLLID HOUSE GUESTS
Joe Boggs reported that he recently received a phone call from a homeowner plagued by HACKBERRY GALL PSYLLIDS (Pachypslla spp). Psyllids are dusky-black aphid-like insects that resemble miniature cicadas. Their clear wings are mottled with black markings. Several species produce galls with descriptive names on hackberry leaves including: hackberry nipple gall (P. celtidismamma); hackberry blister gall (P. vesiculum); and hackberry button gall (P. umbilicus).
The hackberry galls usually "mature" in September to release adult psyllids upon Ohio landscapes. The newly emerged adults immediately seek protected sites to spend the winter. They are attracted to radiating heat or lights, making homes located near infested hackberry trees a target of these nuisance pests. Large numbers of psyllids may be found huddled beneath window frames and door jams. Their small, gnat-like size (1/16" long) also allows them to squeeze through standard-sized window screens. Although they do not bite, buzz-bombing psyllids are very annoying house guests.
There are a limited number of effective management options. While some insecticides are labeled for control of psyllids on hackberry, achieving both the proper timing and thorough coverage required to make the insecticides effective is problematic. Homeowners suffering annual home incursions may consider changing window screens to a smaller size. Short of cutting down offending hackberry trees, there is little else that can be done.
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NETTING A PREDATOR
Dave Shetlar and Joe Boggs reported observing significant numbers of NET-WINGED BEETLE (Family Lycidae). The front wings (elytra) on most beetles are hardened and they cover and protect the hind wings and abdomen. The name of the beetle order, "Coleoptera," clearly describes this arrangement (coleo = sheath; ptera = wing). However, net-winged beetles have soft elytra. Their common name comes from the network of raised longitudinal and transverse ridges on the elytra that resemble netting.
There are around 50 species of net-winged beetles in North America. The two most common species found in Ohio are Calopteron terminale, and C. reticulatum . Both are medium-sized (about 5/8" long), elongate, slightly flattened beetles, with elytra that are widened towards the posterior end. The pronotum (segment behind the head) of both beetles is black with yellow margins, and the elytra are orange to yellowish-orange with the hind portion black. Reticulatum has a narrow black band crossing the front of the elytra. The beetles appear to be foul-tasting to predators and their coloration is mimicked by some moths and several other beetles.
Adult net-winged beetles are active during the day. They feed on decaying plant material, and occasionally on other insects. The larvae are predaceous and consume a wide range of prey including insects, slugs, sowbugs, and millipedes. Joe reported that he received an e-mail image of a net-winged beetle for identification and the homeowner believed the beetles were associated with the lawn. Indeed, Dave noted that he and his graduate student are observing hundreds of net-winged beetles in their turfgrass research plots. It was speculated that the predators were chowing-down of various food items living in the grass.
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GIANT BLACK AND YELLOW SPIDERS!
BYGLers have been receiving inquiries from alarmed homeowners reporting that they are seeing "giant" black and yellow spiders, usually positioned in the center of a large, flat web spun between weed stems. Thinking of similarly colored bees and wasps, the inquirers assumed that the yellow and black colors symbolized DANGER, and were afraid of these remarkable spiders.
Of course, the "giant" spiders are black and yellow garden spiders, which are also known as black-and-yellow Argiope (Argiope spp.). These spiders were featured in the recent animated version of Charlottes Web. They are one of the orbweaver spiders (Family Araneidae), so named because of their circular, or orb webs. While the spiders are indeed large, by spider standards, they are not giants!
One of the most common species found in Ohio is Argiope aurantia. This spider has black legs, a yellowish-silver cephalothorax, and a black abdomen with intricate yellow markings. It may attain a length of 1 1/8", and is usually found resting on a zig-zag pattern of dense silk in the center of its large web. This specialized zig-zag silk reflects ultraviolet light which attracts insects ... to their doom! The web pattern is also responsible for another common name, the "zig-zag spider."
As with all spiders, the common garden spider does possess a toxin, which it uses to paralyze and pre-digest its insect victims. However, orbweaver spiders are not considered dangerous to people or pets. They normally do not leave their flat, concentrically patterned webs, so it is very rare for them to wander into homes. These spiders should be left alone and watched, as they are incredible predators of many insects. Since they die in the fall, they most likely will disappear after the first few frosts. Hopefully though, Wilbur will take care of her eggs for next years generation!
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DISEASE DIGEST
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BACTERIAL CANKER OF TOMATO
Erik Draper reported going on a farm visit and finding some baffling symptoms on tomatoes. Most of the new growth, located at the top of the plant, was relatively clean and green. However, the rest of the tomato plants leaves were exhibiting random symptoms from total necrosis of the leaf to just a marginal necrosis. In the 200' long row of tomatoes, every plant was affected, and each plant exhibited totally different levels of damage ranging from almost total death to only portions of the plants being affected. When the stem was torn open there was brownish discoloration in the vascular tissues.
Sally Miller (OSU, Plant Pathology) identified the malady as bacterial canker of tomato. As it turns out, there are three different diseases caused by bacteria namely: bacterial spot, bacterial speck, and bacterial canker. Of these, the most devastating is Corynebacterium michiganense pv. michiganense, commonly called bacterial canker.
Early symptoms include wilting, curling of leaflets, yellowing and then browning of leaves. Often, only one side of the plant appears to be affected. As the leaves die, the petioles remain a yellow-green and firmly attached to the stem. Cutting through the stem exposes a yellowish brown discoloration of the vascular tissues. This is why this disease is so unique and so deadly, because it not only affects the leaf tissue, but it also becomes systemic and begins to kill the vascular tissues.
Control of this disease is next to impossible but one of the best ways to avoid this problem is to only use certified, disease-free seed from canker-free plants. Scout often and remove diseased plants as soon as they are detected, and destroy the infected plants. If the area of diseased plants is limited, there is a pretty good chance that the disease spread can be contained.
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BACTERIAL CANKER, NOT EDEMA, ON HOT PEPPERS
Erik also reported that that there was a patch of hot peppers growing near the tomatoes infected with bacterial canker. Some of the hot peppers were exhibiting leaf puckering, a slight marginal leaf roll, and a marginal necrosis. The underside of leaves with rolled margins had a scattering of cork-like raised spots. Although the spots resembled edema, further testing by Sally Miller produced some interesting results. The peppers had been infected with bacterial canker from the infected tomatoes through picking peppers after picking tomatoes.
Although devastating on tomatoes, bacterial canker on peppers doesn't appear to do much harm to peppers. Pepper leaves exhibits a marginal necrosis and spots combined with blister-like symptoms on the lower surface that resemble edema. The disease does not appear to be systemic in pepper and significant leaf loss does not seem to be part of symptoms either.
As with most bacterial diseases in vegetables, using a copper-based fungicide may help to slow disease spread. However, it should be remembered that infected peppers may serve as a source of bacterial canker inoculum for tomatoes. Working between pepper fields with bacterial canker and tomato fields should be avoided. Sanitation is key to controlling this disease, so tomatoes should not be grown for 4 to 5 years in a field that had peppers infected with bacterial canker.
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TURF TIPS
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LAWN FERTILIZATION -- KEY FOR SUMMER RECOVERY
[Guest writer Joe Rimelspach (OSU Plant Pathology) provided the following report]. Now is an excellent time to fertilize lawns. Late summer / early fall (late August through September) fertilization is ideal for lawns to recover from damage experienced in the heat and dry periods of the summer. Fertilization will benefit lawns more than any other practice except for proper mowing.
Most lawn owners place too much emphasis on spring and summer fertilization. Some fertilizer is needed during the spring and summer; however, fall fertilizer applications are ideal for the cool-season grasses that compose most lawns in Ohio. These turfgrasses grow optimally in the cooler moderate times of the year. An application now in conjunction with a late fall application (October, November, or December) of fertilizer are often considered the most important for a healthy lawn.
Fall and late-fall fertilization benefits cool-season turfgrass in several ways. First, it promotes rapid recovery from summer damage. Second, weed and disease problems are usually less severe when fall and late fall fertilization are practiced. Third, there is a carry-over effect that makes the turfgrass more tolerant of heat and drought next summer. Finally, the grass plants produce more root mass and a deeper root system, resulting in an overall healthier plant.
A target of 1 lb. nitrogen per 1000 square feet is recommended. Phosphorous and potassium rate should be determined from soil test data. If the lawn is dry, a portion of the nitrogen should be in a slow release formulation (25 - 50%). Remember that adequate soil moisture is essential for the turfgrass to utilize the fertilizer and for growth and recovery of the lawn.
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TOO LATE FOR GRUBS?
Dave Shetlar reported that in the research study he evaluated this week, the Japanese beetle grubs were in their 2nd instar stage, and the masked chafers had just molted into their third instar stage. Based on this information, and observation at other sites, he advises turfgrass managers to inspect areas which have had problems with grubs in prior years and treat if grubs are present. He predicts that turfgrass managers have about 1-2 weeks to yield good control using a selective grub insecticide before it is too late.
At this time, imidacloprid (e.g. Merit) and clothianidin (e.g. Arena) will still provide good control this fall; however, by mid-September, Proxol (e.g. Dylox) will be the only effective alternative. Dave noted that research studies indicate Dylox/Proxol is a better late-season alternative than Triazinide label.
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INDUSTRY INSIGHT
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FALL NURSERY HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS
Many growers are now looking to apply fall pre-emergence herbicides. First, clean-up fields before making fall applications. Second, be sure that there is enough moisture in the ground to activate the product. Many growers have been applying certain products like Gallery and Sureguard in split applications. This means they will apply a lighter rate in the fall and a heavier rate in the spring. Rates will vary with soil types, so consult with your county Extension educators or suppliers for specific information on this practice
Growers should be sure to match the herbicide to the weeds they need to control. Herbicide rotation and combinations may need to be changed to meet this goal. When possible, apply around 1/2" of water to activate the newly applied herbicide. Rainfall is not dependable for herbicide activation it may be too little, too much, or too late!
Finally, Randy Zondag noted that now is a good time to check sprayers to make sure they are operating properly. Attention should be given to replacing worn nozzles and malfunctioning pressure gauges. As Randy stated: you only get back what you put into the project
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OHIO EAB QUARANTINE EXPANDED
The Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA) announced this week the discovery of EMERALD ASH BORER (EAB), an ash tree-killing insect from Asia, in Marion and Delaware counties. An infested ash tree was discovered in the city of Marion, near the intersection of State Route 23 and State Route 95. EAB surveyors made the discovery while doing routine detection work in the area. The destructive pest was confirmed in the city of Delaware after city officials reported EAB signs on an ash tree in a local woodlot.
The origins of infestation are unknown, but likely the result from the movement of firewood or ash tree materials. Officials will be investigating the extent of the infestations before determining how to proceed. In the meantime, the department has quarantined Marion and Delaware counties, making it illegal for citizens to move ash trees, parts of ash trees, and all hardwood firewood out of the quarantined area. Violators face fines up to $4,000.
Firewood dealers, arborists, businesses, or woodlot owners interested in transporting ash trees or firewood out of the contiguous quarantined area can do so only with a department-approved compliance agreement. These agreements stipulate handling practices that mitigate the spread of EAB.
To date, EAB has been identified in 18 counties: Auglaize, Delaware, Defiance, Erie, Franklin, Fulton, Hancock, Henry, Huron, Lorain, Lucas, Marion, Miami, Sandusky, Ottawa, Williams, Wood, and Wyandot counties. For quarantine information or maps, go to http://www.ohioagriculture.gov/eab , or call 1-888-OHIO-EAB.
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COMING ATTRACTIONS
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BYGLIVE! IN CINCINNATI
The 6th 2006 BYGLive! Diagnostic Walk-About will be held Monday, September 11, at Spring Grove Cemetery & Arboretum from 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. This monthly hands-on training program focuses on diagnosing plant pest, disease, and physiological problems.
Directions to the meeting location: enter Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum through the main entrance off Spring Grove Avenue; straight ahead is an underpass -- drive through the underpass; turn right at the first intersection; turn left at the first "Y" intersection; and travel approx. 100 yds. to the meeting parking/gathering point on your right. For more information, contact Joe Boggs at 513-946-8993
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ANLA-WNGA KICK THE DIRT TOUR
Don't miss this great program in Lake County Ohio, which will run from September 19 - 22. It will connect production, research, and economics. Registration is through the ANLA office at http://www.anla.org/.
C. TREE SURVIVAL SCHOOL. This is a cooperative program with OSU Extension and Associated Industries. The three-day program will occur on October 4, 5, & 6, 2006, at Community House, 303 Cahoon Road, Bay Village, OH. Instructors include the dynamic-duo of Alan Siewert (ODNR) and Randy Zondag (OSU).
The school will be helpful to anyone who purchases, plants or cares for trees in a commercial or public landscape. The three days are divided between classroom and hands-on outdoor learning experiences. City service directors, tree commission members, cemetery workers, professional groundskeepers, and school groundskeepers should consider attending this program. Participants are asked to dress for the weather and bring proper pruning tools (pruning saw, hand pruners, pole pruners, pole saw) and eye protection. Participants will be making a nursery visit and doing a tree planting. The class is limited to 35 applicants. The class will provide 15 ISA Credits for Certified Arborists, and 1 hour ODA Pesticide License Credit. ONLA Credits, & ASLA Credits are applied for. Questions? Call Alan Siewert at (440) 632-5299. For registration questions or directions call (440) 225-7613.
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OSU/ONLA NURSERY LANDSCAPE RESEARCH DAY
This outstanding program is presented by The Ohio State University and the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association. It will be held October 3, 2006 at the Wittmeyer Conference Room, OSU Waterman Farm, 2490 Carmack Road Columbus, Ohio.
Please RSVP by September 25, 2006. There is a $10 registration (lunch) fee. Pre-registration is required. Please fax or mail RSVP & payment to Cheryl Cuthbert, 256D Howlett Hall, 2001 Fyffe Ct, Columbus, OH 43210 (Fax: 614-292-3505). Payment: Cash, check, or 100W forms, and please make checks payable to "The Ohio State University." Please send questions to: cuthbert.9@osu.edu or 614-247-4353.
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BYGLOSOPHY
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To forget how to dig the earth and to tend the soil is to forget ourselves. - Mohandas K. Gandi
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