Table of Contents
ìThe Art and Science of Plant Namesî
ìLatin is a language, as dead as dead can be. First it killed the Romans: Now itís killing me.î
ìIf you have remarked errors in me, your superior wisdom must pardon them. Who errs not when perambulating the domain of nature? Who can observe everything with accuracy? Correct me as a friend, and I as a friend will requite with kindness.î - Linnaeus
Good knowledge of plant names helps with questions such as:
ìA name is a handle by which we get to know certain people, places and plants.î - Michael Dirr
Which of the following might be called a red maple? A. Acer palmatum ëBloodgoodí B. Acer platanoides ëCrimson Kingí C. Acer rubrum ëOctober Gloryí Which would thrive in an open, wet site?
Basic Classification Scheme
Example: Cinnamon rose (Rosa cinnamomea)
The Latin Binomial System
Dianthus caryophyllus L.
What is a species?
What is a species?
But what about ìrilverî maple trees?
According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature:
REVIEW: Which of the following is a plant species?
Example: Cinnamon rose (Rosa cinnamomea)
The five kingdoms of life on Earth
REVIEW: Latin binomials for some organisms mentioned above
According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature:
According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature:
According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature:
Why Not Just Use Common Names?
Why Not Just Use Common Names?
Which of the following is a true rose in the genus Rosa and in the rose family (Rosaceae)?
Answer: NONE OF THE ABOVE! A. Moss rose is in the genus Portulaca in the purslane family. B. Rose-of-Sharon is in the genus Hibiscus in the cotton family. C. Lenten rose is in the genus Helleborus in the buttercup family. D. Hairy alpine rose is in the genus Rhododendron in the heath family.
Which of these ìoaksî is in the genus Quercus?
Ironwoods are:
What is the Latin name of this plant?
True of False
The Plant Kingdom: Divisions for Phyla
The Spermatophyta (seed plants)
The Gymnosperms (naked seeds):
The Angiosperms (enclosed seeds)
A plant family is defined as:
Plant Families
What family are the following plants in and what are a few cultural requirements that they share?
These genera are in what plant family?
These genera are in what plant family?
These genera are in what plant family?
These genera are in what plant family?
True or False
So what about these families?
BEYOND SPECIES Additional names: A. Botanical Varieties B. Cultivars C. Hybrids D. Trademarks and Patents
BOTANICAL VARIETY: a sub-grouping of species with inheritable differences from the straight species. EXAMPLE: - Common honeylocust---Gleditsia triacanthos - Thornless honeylocust---Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Note: With a botanical variety there is actually a trinomial and the third part of the Lain name is either italicized or underlined.
CULTIVAR = CULTIVATED VARIETY ìAssemblage of cultivated plants which is clearly distinguished by any characters and which, when reproduced (sexually or asexually) retains its distinguishing characters.î - L.H. Bailey *Botanical varieties naturally breed true from seed *Cultivars are asexually cloned or by controlled sexual crossing of breeding lines
Cultivar Example I A. The species for Norway maple is: Acer platanoides B. In a seedling population some had a wider spread and purplish spring leaf coloration. These seedlings were selected for these traits, cloned and named: Acer platanoides ëSchwedlerií
Cultivar Example II C. Some Acer platanoides ëSchwedlerií seeds were planted, and some of these seedlings were selected and subsequently cloned for their maroon foliar color that persisted all season. These were named: Acer platanoides ëCrimson Kingí Note: Cultivars are denoted either by putting the cultivar name in single quotes or by using their abbreviation ìcv.î before the cultivar name. As in: Acer platanoides ëCrimson Kingí Acer platanoides cv. Crimson King
Cultivar Example III What is the difference between the following? A. Bradford pears B. Callery pears C. Pyrus calleryana ëBradfordí D. Pyrus calleryana ëAristocratí
Cultivar Example IV Which of the following is a ìdwarfî cranberrybush viburnum that tends to max out at 2 feet in height? A. Viburnum opulus B. Viburnum opulus ëCompactumí C. Viburnum opulus ëNanumí
HYBRID NAMES Interspecific hybrid EXAMPLE: The cross between sycamore Platanus occidentalis And Oriental planetree Platanus orientalis Is the London planetree Platanus x acerifolia (with the unitalicized ëxí indicating the cross)
REVIEW: Which of the following is true?
Name these fungi:
The Name Game
The Name Game: Crabapple Fruits
The Name Game: Crabapple Flowers
The Name Game: Crabapple Foliage
The Name Game: Crabapple Tree Form
Root meanings of plant names:
Latin prefix/suffix meanings:
Latin color meanings:
Latin habitat meanings:
What do you think that the following Homo sapiens have in common?
Now will you agree with Liberty Hyde Bailey when he says?
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